Introducing a fleet of zero emission buses Marc VANHOUTTE Transdev Group – Bus Fleet Director Technical and Operations department

PTA & Operator within the PT system Development of an e-bus operation Contents Preamble PTA & Operator within the PT system Development of an e-bus operation Zuid – Oost Brabant concession Coming up Amstelland – Meerlanden concession

1. Preamble – The way to electrification Webinar – Clean Bus Deployment Initiative Webinar delivered by Smart Urban Mobility Support Office on behalf of European Commission www.jiip.eu/smarturbanbolity/

1. Preamble - E-buses technologies and charging systems Webinar – Clean Bus Deployment Initiative Webinar delivered by Smart Urban Mobility Support Office on behalf of European Commission www.jiip.eu/smarturbanbolity/

Battery buses with overnight charging 1. Preamble - E-buses at Transdev worldwide Battery buses with overnight charging Mini and Midi buses 80 BYD 8 – 12 m United States: 30 Sweden: 12 The NL’s 8 total 50 BYD 18 m United States: 12 PROTERRA 12 m United States: 13 HYBRICON 12 m Sweden: 10 EBUSCO 12 m France (Argenteuil): 8 BOLLORE 12 m France (Aubervilliers): 5 LINKKER 12 m Finland: 1 Autobus Lion School bus Canada: 3 IRIZAR 12 m France (Le Havre): 3 VDL midi bus The NL’s: 8 Magtec double deck bus United Kingdom 6 total 199 Webinar – Clean Bus Deployment Initiative Webinar delivered by Smart Urban Mobility Support Office on behalf of European Commission www.jiip.eu/smarturbanbolity/

Electric buses with opportunity charging 1. Preamble - E-buses at Transdev worldwide Electric buses with opportunity charging VDL 18 m The Netherlands (Z.O.Br): 43 VDL 18 m The Netherlands (AML): 100 Other type of electric driven buses Hydrogen buses VDL 18 m H2 – electric The Netherlands 2 total: 45 grand total 344 Webinar – Clean Bus Deployment Initiative Webinar delivered by Smart Urban Mobility Support Office on behalf of European Commission www.jiip.eu/smarturbanbolity/

2. PTA & Operator within the Public Transport system. Webinar – Clean Bus Deployment Initiative Webinar delivered by Smart Urban Mobility Support Office on behalf of European Commission www.jiip.eu/smarturbanbolity/

2. Rolling stock – Who is ordering the buses?. Public Transport authorities (PTAs) Considered are PTAs not operating the PT. (e.g. agglomerations in France) Regarding the order for conventional vehicles The PTA is launching a tender for selecting the brand and model based on an vehicle specification and a RFQ towards bus manufacturers. The selection of the preferred brand is done without involving the PTOs. Afterwards a tender is launched towards the PTOs to operate the PT service. Regarding the order for Zero emission buses. These PTA’s are not specialized in Z.E. technologies and don’t always know which technology to choose and what kind of infrastructure is needed to charge these buses. There is also lack of knowledge about the costs of the installations and of the operation. Webinar – Clean Bus Deployment Initiative Webinar delivered by Smart Urban Mobility Support Office on behalf of European Commission www.jiip.eu/smarturbanbolity/

2. Rolling stock – Who is ordering the buses? Consequences: The introduction of ZE buses in these kind of operations is proceeding slowly. Within a conventional operation a few electric buses are taking into operation for testing. With this some brands are tested but only limited experience about the introduction of a large fleet of electric buses is gained. Webinar – Clean Bus Deployment Initiative Webinar delivered by Smart Urban Mobility Support Office on behalf of European Commission www.jiip.eu/smarturbanbolity/

2. Rolling stock – Who is ordering the buses? Bus operators (PTOs) In some countries the PTAs are launching tenders for operating concessions A tender demand document is made which is specifying besides the operational demands; The technology to be used such as: Low emission in certain regions (CO2 reduction allowing the use of hybrid buses). Zero emission only full electric buses to be introduced during the concession. Developing the e-bus operation is up to the offering operator to decide, from fleet size to charging strategy, operation mode, training and maintenance. The bus operator is proposing the costs for operation with their offer Webinar – Clean Bus Deployment Initiative Webinar delivered by Smart Urban Mobility Support Office on behalf of European Commission www.jiip.eu/smarturbanbolity/

2. Rolling stock – Who is ordering the buses? Consequences: Bus operators are having a good overview of what is available on the market as e-buses. This allows them to make the most appropriate choice regarding the e-bus technology to be applied when considering the operational conditions. Bus operators are negotiating the best possible maintenance conditions that assure an operations w.r.t. to the RAMS principles (Reliability – Availability – Maintainability and safety). The bus operator takes full responsibility for the complete public transport system with e-buses as they have been deciding each part of this system. The operator has to finance the buses and the infrastructure which can lead to high debt and lack of financial competence. Webinar – Clean Bus Deployment Initiative Webinar delivered by Smart Urban Mobility Support Office on behalf of European Commission www.jiip.eu/smarturbanbolity/

2. Financing the buses and the infrastructure Webinar – Clean Bus Deployment Initiative Webinar delivered by Smart Urban Mobility Support Office on behalf of European Commission www.jiip.eu/smarturbanbolity/

Webinar – Clean Bus Deployment Initiative 2. Return on investment Webinar – Clean Bus Deployment Initiative Webinar delivered by Smart Urban Mobility Support Office on behalf of European Commission www.jiip.eu/smarturbanbolity/

What are the constraints when developing an e-bus operation 3. Development of an e-bus operation What are the constraints when developing an e-bus operation Can we still run the same time table? What are the constraints with the development of a new time table. How do we have to specify the e-buses? “Battery size” How many extra buses do we need compared with a diesel fleet? How and where will we recharge the buses? “Choice of technology and charging infrastructure” What size of energy supply would we need and how controlling the cost of using the energy? Webinar – Clean Bus Deployment Initiative Webinar delivered by Smart Urban Mobility Support Office on behalf of European Commission www.jiip.eu/smarturbanbolity/

+ TOOLBOX TOOLBOX DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES TODAY Calculation process 3. Development of an e-bus operation with a toolbox CHALLENGES Time table restrictions Number of buses Bus specifications Charging technology Energy supply TOOLBOX TODAY E-Bus data + Charging point data Operational data Calculation process TOOLBOX DEVELOPMENT Moving from a static tool towards a dynamic tool Smart charging parameters Energy consumption monitoring Internationalization (France & beyond) Webinar – Clean Bus Deployment Initiative Webinar delivered by Smart Urban Mobility Support Office on behalf of European Commission www.jiip.eu/smarturbanbolity/

3. Development of an e-bus operation - Training Training drivers Training in how to drive electric buses in an economical way. Adaptive driving, taking the foot away from the accelerator means that the bus is already braking, while using the e-motor as a generator. Training depot staff Training in how to handle e-buses, charging e-buses How to prepare the buses for operation Training workshop staff Today not all e-bus manufacturers allow the operators doing the maintenance on the e-buses, where it is possible intensive training will be necessary to handle the buses when doing maintenance. Workshop transformation and tooling will be part of this training Webinar – Clean Bus Deployment Initiative Webinar delivered by Smart Urban Mobility Support Office on behalf of European Commission www.jiip.eu/smarturbanbolity/

3. Development of an e-bus operation - Maintenance Learning phase also for many bus manufacturer, a maintenance contract can be negotiated where the manufacturer is willing to take the engagement on a fix M&R cost in some case including the batteries. Some OEM’s are happy to have the operator as a service partner, extensive training will be necessary as well as the transformation of the workshop to be able to maintain e-buses. Webinar – Clean Bus Deployment Initiative Webinar delivered by Smart Urban Mobility Support Office on behalf of European Commission www.jiip.eu/smarturbanbolity/

4. Zuid – Oost Brabant Concession Hermes – Cxx 12/2016 – 12/2026 Webinar – Clean Bus Deployment Initiative Webinar delivered by Smart Urban Mobility Support Office on behalf of European Commission www.jiip.eu/smarturbanbolity/

4. Zuid-Oost Brabant PT concession set-up In The Netherlands there is the “Green Deal” this means From 2025 all acquired vehicles should be ZE From 2030 all PT fleets should be ZE. With the tender for Z.O.Brabant the PTA decided that the complete fleet should be ZE from 2025 It considers: 10 year contract with a possible extension of 2 years Yearly subsidy on the same level as for conventional buses. Concession awarding on criteria (among them the transition plan towards ZE public transport). Webinar – Clean Bus Deployment Initiative Webinar delivered by Smart Urban Mobility Support Office on behalf of European Commission www.jiip.eu/smarturbanbolity/

4. Zuid-Oost Brabant PT concession set-up It considers: Implementation in different phases: to be proposed by the PTO on the conditions that the transition of the complete fleet to ZE before 2025 is realized. Special measures to assure the depreciation of the ZE buses and the charging infrastructure. Spread introduction Depreciation over min.10 years made possible. Webinar – Clean Bus Deployment Initiative Webinar delivered by Smart Urban Mobility Support Office on behalf of European Commission www.jiip.eu/smarturbanbolity/

4. Zuid-Oost Brabant PT concession set-up The Public Transport concession covers a region with 750.000 inhabitants Main Cities: Eindhoven: 225.000 inhabitants Helmond: 90.000 inhabitants The PT concession consists of: City lines within Eindhoven and Helmond. Interurban lines Neighborhood buses (8 passengers) and school buses Total concession contains today 215 buses Contract start : December 11, 2016 Contract demands: Transition of the complete fleet to a Z.E. fleet before 1st of January 2025. Webinar – Clean Bus Deployment Initiative Webinar delivered by Smart Urban Mobility Support Office on behalf of European Commission www.jiip.eu/smarturbanbolity/

4. Zuid - Oost Brabant – e-bus introduction planning Connexxion decided to offer an electric fleet in different phases and to operate a fleet of electric articulated buses from the start of the new concession. Webinar – Clean Bus Deployment Initiative Webinar delivered by Smart Urban Mobility Support Office on behalf of European Commission www.jiip.eu/smarturbanbolity/

4. Zuid – Oost Brabant e-bus specification VDL SLFA – 181 Electric Number of vehicles: 43 articulated E-buses Technology used: Combination of overnight and opportunity charging Webinar – Clean Bus Deployment Initiative Webinar delivered by Smart Urban Mobility Support Office on behalf of European Commission www.jiip.eu/smarturbanbolity/

4. Zuid – Oost Brabant e-bus specification Battery capacity: 180 kWh (9 modules of 20 kW mounted on the roof). Range: Between 65 and 85 km with one charge. Passengers capacity: 41 fixed seats. 5 folding seats. Total capacity: 136 passengers. (2 platforms included) Access to the bus: 4 double doors Manual ramp Comfort: Full air-conditioning system Heating with heat pump and additional diesel heat generator. Free WIFI and USB connection with every seat Webinar – Clean Bus Deployment Initiative Webinar delivered by Smart Urban Mobility Support Office on behalf of European Commission www.jiip.eu/smarturbanbolity/

4. Zuid – Oost Brabant e-bus specification bus routes Webinar – Clean Bus Deployment Initiative Webinar delivered by Smart Urban Mobility Support Office on behalf of European Commission www.jiip.eu/smarturbanbolity/

Webinar – Clean Bus Deployment Initiative Webinar delivered by Smart Urban Mobility Support Office on behalf of European Commission www.jiip.eu/smarturbanbolity/

- The depot is located at 1,5 km from the railway station 4. Zuid – Oost Brabant Charging strategy - All battery charging is done at the depot in Eindhoven. - The depot is located at 1,5 km from the railway station where all lines with electric buses starts and ends. - Buses that will have to be charged will be replaced by a fully charged bus at the railway station. - Slow charging during the night (4.5 hours) Fast charging during the day (35 minutes at charging speed 1.5 C). - Therefore 6 extra buses for charging are needed 37 + 6 = 43 e-buses. Webinar – Clean Bus Deployment Initiative Webinar delivered by Smart Urban Mobility Support Office on behalf of European Commission www.jiip.eu/smarturbanbolity/

- Installation of 3 transformers of each 1.600 KVA and to 4. Zuid – Oost Brabant - charging equipment phase 1 Energy connection 10 MVA connection on e-network (only 50% used today). - Installation of 3 transformers of each 1.600 KVA and to convert 10.000 Volt to 400 Volt. Charging equipment - 10 DC fast chargers of 300 kW (2 hoods) - 3 fast chargers placed in open air, the others inside the depot. 22 DC slow chargers of 30 kW (1 hood) overnight charging. 2 mobile chargers (workshop). - Monitoring charging equipment: VDL bus manufacturer Webinar – Clean Bus Deployment Initiative Webinar delivered by Smart Urban Mobility Support Office on behalf of European Commission www.jiip.eu/smarturbanbolity/

4. Zuid – Oost Brabant Charging equipment phase 1 43 articulated e-buses since Dec 11, 2016 180 kWh battery pack Transition of the complete fleet to a Z.E. fleet before 1st of January 2025. (216 e-buses) 22 slow chargers and 10 fast chargers Slow charging during the night (4 hours) Fast charging during the day (35 min.) Exchanging buses at the railway station Webinar – Clean Bus Deployment Initiative Webinar delivered by Smart Urban Mobility Support Office on behalf of European Commission www.jiip.eu/smarturbanbolity/

4. Zuid – Oost Brabant Charging equipment phase 1 Webinar – Clean Bus Deployment Initiative Webinar delivered by Smart Urban Mobility Support Office on behalf of European Commission www.jiip.eu/smarturbanbolity/

5. Coming Up: Amstelland – Meerlanden concession Concession won by Connexxion (Transdev NL) Start concession: 10 December 2017 Starting with 270 buses among them 100 articulated e-buses. Webinar – Clean Bus Deployment Initiative Webinar delivered by Smart Urban Mobility Support Office on behalf of European Commission www.jiip.eu/smarturbanbolity/

5. Coming Up: Amstelland – Meerlanden concession 2 different types of articulated e-buses Starting in December 2017 with 49 electric articulated buses on R-net 170 kWh battery pack Additional 85 electric R-net buses end of 2020 51 electric articulated buses on Schipholnet. Adding 2 e-buses during the contract. Introducing 78 electric articulated high capacity e-buses. end of December 2020. Bringing the total electric fleet towards 266 units. Webinar – Clean Bus Deployment Initiative Webinar delivered by Smart Urban Mobility Support Office on behalf of European Commission www.jiip.eu/smarturbanbolity/