CHANGE THEORY AND EDUCATION INNOVATION SESSION III

SESSION THREE OVERVIEW COMPLEXITY THINKING AND LEARNING Systems I Thinking Systems II Thinking Critical Thinking Systems Thinking Innovative Thinking

COMPLEXITY Dimensions (Stacey Matrix) Agreement Certainty

SYSTEMS ONE THINKING Reactive Best used when action is needed quickly Intuitive, instinctive, uncontrolled Uses mental models and short cuts (heuristics) Associative with past memories Quick, effortless and unconscious Best used when action is needed quickly

SYSTEMS TWO THINKING Reflective Takes effort, controlled Analytical, evaluative, deductive Anticipatory, truth seeking Correctly (or incorrectly) apply heuristics Takes time Best used for decisions that are complex, uncertainty is an issue, involve “unfamiliar territory,” and/or when the stakes are high

SYSTEMS I & II THINKING Work together Can over ride each other

CRITICAL THINKING Definition It’s skeptical without being cynical “the process of purposeful, self-regulatory judgment “ (Consensus opinion of 46 recognized critical thinkers 1988 – 1999) It’s skeptical without being cynical Open minded without being wishy-washy Analytical without being nitpicky Evaluative without being judgmental Forceful without being opinionated It’s a way to choose what to believe or what to do

CRITICAL THINKING Skills Interpretation Analysis Inference Evaluation Explanation Self-regulation thinking about our thinking

SELF REGULATION Exploring your own thinking What is it? Why is it? Why did I react that way? Why am I thinking/feeling this way? What’s the data? And is it confirming?

CRITICAL THINKING Disposition for Critical Thinking Truth seeking Open minded Inquisitive Analytical Systematic Judicious Confident in Reasoning

CRITICAL THINKING Exercise

SYSTEMS THINKING A way for seeing the whole How things work as a whole not individual parts How one part influences another Interrelationships Looking for patterns

SYSTEMS THINKING Single Loop Learning Double Loop Learning Questions governance, policies, structure

SYSTEMS THINKING Problems are part of an overall system What are the systems/processes/structures/policies Look for patterns Take a helicopter view Non-Linear Actions and reactions not always closely linked Small change a big effect

INNOVATIVE THINKING Friend or foe of Critical Thinking?

ATTRIBUTE COMPARISON Critical Thinking Innovative Thinking Analytical Linear Probabilities Evaluative Objective Innovative Thinking Generative Associative Possibilities Non-judgmental Subjective BOTH ARE IMPORTANT

INNOVATIVE THINKING What blocks innovation? What helps innovation? How does innovation come about?

INNOVATIVE THINKING What blocks innovation? What helps innovation? How does innovation come about? Like critical thinking it requires both skills and disposition