Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Chapter 1 Healthy People 2020 Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Objectives Describe what Healthy People 2020 is and what it is meant to do. List five public health issues related defined by Healthy People 2020. Discuss how the health status of a population is measured. State one health issue or goal for each stage of the life cycle. Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Objectives (cont.) Discuss the role of the nurse or health-care worker in achieving Healthy People 2020 objectives. Discuss the role of the health-care worker in worldwide health improvement. Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Key Terms behaviors biology determinants of health health status Healthy People 2020 infant mortality rate Leading Health Indicators life expectancy physical environment social environment Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. What Healthy People 2020 Is Published by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services An evidence-based 10-year report card Health-care accomplishments within the United States from the years 2000 to 2010 Prescription for improvements through the year 2020 Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

What Healthy People 2020 Does Focus on the larger social picture surrounding health-care outcomes Social issues, preparedness, and global health have been included for the first time Eight new topic areas Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Leading Health Indicators Selected high-priority issues for the current 10-year period Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Determinants of Health Range of social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health status Can include individual behavior and biological and genetic factors See Figure 1-3. Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Biology and Behavior Biology refers to an individual's genetic makeup, family history, and physical and mental health problems acquired during his or her lifetime Behaviors are individual responses or reactions to internal stimuli and external conditions Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Biology and Behavior (cont.) Behavior and biology are interrelated A disease affects biology, but behaviors can make a person susceptible or resistant to a disease Social and physical environments impact behavior Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Environments The social environment includes interactions with family, friends, coworkers, and others in the community The physical environment can be viewed as that which can be seen, touched, heard, smelled, and tasted; also contains less tangible elements, such as radiation exposure and ozone depletion Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Critical Thinking Question 1 Would greater governmental control over certain aspects of health be beneficial or detrimental (e.g., adding tobacco and alcohol to the list of illicit drugs or denying health care to persons who persist in unhealthy lifestyles)? Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Health Status Among other factors, health status can be measured by: Birth and death rates Life expectancy Morbidity from specific disease Access to health care Health insurance coverage Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Leading Causes of Death by Age Group Younger than 1 year 1-4 years 5-14 years 15-24 years 25-34 years 35-44 years 45-54 years 55-64 years and older Over 65 years See Box 1-1. Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Progress and Goals yet to be Achieved Communities and health care professionals are expected to develop action plans to help achieve and maintain healthy behaviors and lifestyles Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Critical Thinking Question 2 An increasing number of parents are refusing to immunize their children because of the perceived health risks of various vaccines. How will this affect the goals of Healthy People 2020? Would you expect an increase in certain communicable diseases? Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Prenatal and Infant Health Maternal and infant health is the core of the health status of the next generation The leading areas of progress: Reducing sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) with the “back-to-sleep” educational program Promoting the use of folic acid supplements early in pregnancy to reduce congenital malformations such as spina bifida Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Childhood Health Overall goals Increase health literacy Improve the quality, availability, and effectiveness of community-based programs designed to prevent disease and improve health. Health issues should be added to school curricula; teachers should be well informed; and school nurses should be available in all schools Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Critical Thinking Question 3 How can school nurses continue to provide quality health education and screening programs when one nurse is often responsible for several schools? Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Adolescent and Young-Adult Health Goal is to reduce the death rate and increase health education to prevent: Health problems related to injuries Violence Suicides Tobacco and drug use Unintentional pregnancy STDs Unhealthy diets and activity lifestyles Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Older Adult Health Problems related to maintaining an independent lifestyle remain a challenge Goals include improving health, function, and quality of life; and increasing physical activity, self-management of chronic diseases, use of health services, and training of caregivers Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Critical Thinking Question 4 How can meeting the health needs of the older adult affect the health needs of the geriatric adult? Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Geriatric Adult Health Goals for the geriatric phase of life Reducing the number of illnesses and deaths related to vaccine-preventable diseases Reducing the number of hip fractures Increasing the availability of diagnostic tools that can decrease the number of undiagnosed dementia cases Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Critical Thinking Question 5 Remaining independent in light of increasing life expectancy is often difficult for the aged adult. How can nurses and other health care workers ensure that this population can continue to care for itself? Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Role of the Health-Care Worker in Achieving Healthy People 2020 Goals Increasing the use of prenatal services Promoting breastfeeding Educating the school-age child about nutrition, diet and exercise, smoking and drug use, and healthy lifestyles Promoting health through employer-sponsored programs Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Role of the Health-Care Worker in Achieving Healthy People 2020 Goals (cont.) Providing health education services to patients in managed care organizations Identifying health risks through screening programs Encouraging older adults to participate in at least one organized health promotion activity Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Critical Thinking Question 6 What can schools of nursing do to encourage their students and graduates to become more actively involved in meeting the goals and objectives of Healthy People 2020? Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. World Health World Health Organization (WHO) Objectives were developed for improving the environment, eliminating poverty, and providing reproductive health services, adolescent health, women's empowerment, human rights, and tobacco control Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.