Country Report KAZUO TODANI (JAPAN) Asia-Pacific Sub-regional Preparatory Conference for the 2009 World Conference on Higher Education I am Deputy Director General for the higher education bureau of the ministry for education of Japan. I am very pleased to have a chance to make presentation at this conference. KAZUO TODANI The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT),JAPAN September,24, 2008

Outline 2. Research and Innovation in Higher Societal Commitment and Social Responsibility of Higher Education 2. Research and Innovation in Higher Education 3. Issues and Tendency in Restructuring of Higher Education I am going to show you the current situation about the higher education in Japan in accordance with these four points. No1; Societal Commitment and Social Responsibility of Higher Education, No2; Research and Innovation in Higher Education, No3; Issue and Tendency in Restructuring of Higher Education, No4; A New Agenda for Higher Education 4. A New Agenda for Higher Education

University and Junior College = A -Societal Commitment and Social Responsibility of Higher Education- Role of Higher Education in Japan and its Expansion Advancement Rate University and Junior College = A 17.0% in 1965 53.7% in 2007 + 36.7% A + College of Technology, Professional Training College 17.1% in 1965 75.9% in 2005 + 58.8% Japan has reached the universal stage

Securing the scale of enrollment accommodation in university -Societal Commitment and Social Responsibility of Higher Education- Increasing needs for higher university in the midst of economic development Securing the scale of enrollment accommodation in university

Constraints for Development Total Population -Societal Commitment and Social Responsibility of Higher Education- Role of Higher Education in Promoting Education for Sustainable and Participatory Development Constraints for Development Total Population 127.7 million in 2006 <100 million in 2050 18-year-old bracket population 2.05 million in 1992 1.2 million in 2020 Financial Deficit 148% of Japan’s GDP in 2007 Budget Reduces 1%/yr

Population Projections for Japan

-Societal Commitment and Social Responsibility of Higher Education- Countermeasures for Constraints More discretion for universities so that they could use limited resource efficiently Law amendment by which all national universities to be incorporated after 2004

System of National University Incorporation

Future Plan for University -Societal Commitment and Social Responsibility of Higher Education- Future Plan for University Proposed Types of University through Differentiation 1. Center of excellence 2. Training of professionals with highly specialized skills 3. Training of professionals in various fields 4. Comprehensive liberal-arts education 5. Education and research in specialized areas such as arts or athletics 6. Centers for lifelong learning in the local community 7. Social contribution (such as contribution to the local community, industry-academia cooperation, international exchanges) New Strategy is under discussion

-Research and Innovation in Higher Education- Promotion Scheme in Research and Innovation in Japan and the Role of University

Support System Bottom-up support Top-down projects Multi-faceted Support for Universities in Conducting Research Support System Bottom-up support Top-down projects Japan has strived to secure financial resources in spite of financial difficulty based on the third Basic Plan for Science and Technology

Main Budgets for Higher Education for Fiscal 2008 -Management Expenses Grants for national university corporations(Y1,181.3 billion) -Subsidies to private universities (Y324.8 billion) -Grants-in-aid for scientific research (Y193.2 billion) -Support for education in national, public, and private universities through open competition (Y68.0 billion: 21st Century COE Program, etc.) World Premier International Research Center (WPI) Initiative (Y7.1 billion)

-Issues and Tendency in Restructuring of Higher Education- Diversification of Higher Education and the Construction of Quality of Assurance System Trend from prior permission to evaluation afterward More flexible University-establishment approvals Cross-border or IT-driven type of higher education institution appearing

Need for quality assurance mechanism More universities in spite of fewer population Number of universities and students Year University Student 1998 604 2,668,086 2003 702 2,803,980 2004 709 2,809,295 2005 726 2,865,051 2006 744 2,859,212 2007　 　756 2,828,708 2008　 765 2,835,242 Number of University and Students in 1998-2008

Certified evaluation system Periodic evaluation by evaluation organizations, certified by the Ministry Evaluation on education and research, organization and management, facilities and equipment, etc.

System to Assure Quality of Universities

Change in Forms of Employment -Issues and Tendency in Restructuring of Higher Education- Introduction of Professional Postgraduate Schools for Specialized Vocational Education Change in Forms of Employment lifetime job-security system ? (On- the-job training in industries) Needs for the latest, more practical and more specialized skill and knowledge

Change in Forms of Employment

Establishment of Professional Graduate School in 2003 -Issues and Tendency in Restructuring of Higher Education- Establishment of Professional Graduate School in 2003 Providing practical and specialized education in accordance with the specific characteristics of professional fields Enrolment; more than 23,000 people

Professional Graduate School in 2008 -Issues and Tendency in Restructuring of Higher Education- Professional Graduate School in 2008 Law School 74 MBA/MOT 32 Graduate School of Teacher Education 19 Accountant 16 Public Policy　　　 8 Clinical psychology 4 Public health 3 Intellectual property 2 others 16 Total 174

-A New Agenda for Higher Education- Efforts for Expanding Mobility of Faculty, Students, Programs Expanding mobility is the key for discovering new dimension of knowledge through researchers’ interaction and promoting cross-cultural dialogue for mutual understanding, as pointed out in many important meetings

G8 EDUCATION MINISTERS' MEETING, Tokyo, 1-2 April 2000 CHAIR'S SUMMARY (Excerpt) Obstacles that need to be tackled include: - Issues of evaluation and recognition of curricula, credits and qualifications for studies undertaken abroad; - lack of access to relevant information on counterpart institutions; - levels and portability of financial support; - problems of language and intercultural understanding; - regulatory barriers (entry procedures, tax, social security and health coverage, work rules); - career progression and provision of substitutes for teachers; - scarcity of accommodation.

G8 EDUCATION MINISTERS' MEETING, Tokyo, 1-2 April 2000 CHAIR'S SUMMARY (Excerpt) We, confirming our determination to make every effort to promote international exchanges of students, teachers, researchers and administrators, agreed to: 1) explore ways to substantially increase the overall level of exchange among G8 countries and with other countries , with the goal of doubling the rate of mobility over the next ten years; 2) encourage appropriate agencies and educational institutions to increase the transferability of qualifications and credits, and validation of studies for internationally mobile students;

G8 EDUCATION MINISTERS' MEETING, Tokyo, 1-2 April 2000 CHAIR'S SUMMARY (Excerpt) 3) share the experience of international mobility models like Erasmus and UMAP and encourage further development of networks for educational exchange; 4) continue to strengthen foreign language learning, area studies and intercultural education at all levels, and encourage or support programs delivered in foreign languages, particularly in universities; 5) further strengthen the role of human resources development and personnel exchange programs in development assistance policies. With its universal nature, UNESCO should be able to play a useful role in this context.

-A New Agenda for Higher Education- Policy for International Students In 1983, the plan to accept 100,000 International Students by the early 21st was decided The plan was accomplished in 2003, with many of international students from Asian countries And now, the new plan for 300,000 international students was formulated in July 2008

Number of International Students in Japan

Expansion of mobility can bring benefits for those concerned -A New Agenda for Higher Education- Pursuit for Win-win Relationship in Asian Countries Expansion of mobility can bring benefits for those concerned Win-win network rewarding both for developed countries and developing countries is effective measure

-A New Agenda for Higher Education- Activities of JSPS (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science) International Collaborations - Asian CORE Program to build Asian research hubs - Asia-Africa Science Platform Program under which Japanese research institutions take the lead in fostering young researchers

JSPS Asian CORE Program

SEED-Net (Southeast Asia Engineering Education Development Network) -A New Agenda for Higher Education- SEED-Net (Southeast Asia Engineering Education Development Network) 19 leading member institutions from 10 ASEAN countries with the support of 11 leading Japanese supporting universities Each host institution is responsible for training young graduates and teaching staff from other member institutions to acquire master's degrees, and doctoral degrees in a sandwich program with Japanese supporting universities

SEED-Net Concept

-A New Agenda for Higher Education- Quality assurance mechanism in international level is important in the era of global competition and high mobility Japan has made efforts to formulate the OECD/UNESCO Guideline on Quality Provision in Cross-border Higher Education Expectation for the UNESCO Portal on Recognized Higher Education Institutions

Thank you