Have your notecards out, ready to be checked! HAPPY TUESDAY Have your notecards out, ready to be checked! Bellwork: Draw and Label the parts of the flower. Use your notes or word wall to help you if you get stuck. Style 7 Stigma Pistil/Carpel 4, 7, 8 & 3 = 9? 4 Anther 1 2 Petal 1 & 6 = 10? Stamen Filament 6 Sepal 5 8 Ovary Ovules 3 Independent CHAMPS

When a stalk of celery is placed a beaker of water that’s been treated with food coloring, the following changes in the celery occur. Explain why these changes only occur in specific parts of the plant and what systems are working together to make this happen.

We will be finishing notes on plant reproduction. . .

Reproductive Structures Petals: colorful structures that attract pollinators. Sepals: surround and protect the flower bud.

X Flower Structure Quiz What is the name of the structure labelled X in the diagram? carpel sepal stamen X peduncle

Flower Structure Quiz Where is pollen made? stigma sepal anther ovary

Flower Structure Quiz Where is the ovule found in a flower? petals style nectary ovary

How can pollen be transferred? So, this is what sexual reproduction in plants looks like...awkward How can pollen be transferred?

Pollination: the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma Click to view the animation Cross-pollination: promotes genetic variation because pollen travels from one flower to another.

Self-pollination occurs when pollen falls from the anther onto the stigma of the same flower. *Self-pollination is not desirable as it reduces genetic variation

Once pollination occurs a tube grows from the pollen grain down through the style to the ovule stigma style carpel ovary Click to view the animation ovule Note: Petals not shown in order to simplify diagram

Fertilization: occurs when the pollen (male gamete) fuses with the ovule (the female gamete) **SEXUAL REPRODUCTION** Click to view the animation

Pollen can be transferred by: Write this on the back side of your flower diagram…. Pollen can be transferred by: wind, bees, butterflies, birds, moths, flies

*hormones help with this development* Seeds and Fruit After a flower is fertilized, the petals and sepals fall off. The ovule becomes a seed. OVULES = seeds The ovary ripens into a fruit. OVARY = FRUIT *hormones help with this development*

Flower to Fruit

Opening of what used to be the stigma Shriveled remains of the flower petals Used to be the style Seeds were once the ovules

Seeds and fruit can be dispersed by: Write this on the back of the flower diagram…. Seeds and fruit can be dispersed by: wind, animals, gravity

What about reproduction without flowers?

Mosses, ferns, and related plants have swimming sperm Mosses, ferns, and related plants have swimming sperm. The leafy tips of mosses produce male and female sex cells. Male sex cells swim through water on the surface of the plant to reach and fertilize female cells. Fertilization produces a spore capsule, that scatters spores into the air. What kind of environmental conditions would be required for reproduction in these plants? What kinds of limits does external reproduction impose on these plants? Reproduction in these plants requires wet conditions, and requires having male and female parts close together. Living conditions, plant size, and genetic mixing is limited.

Germination

Seed Germination

Conditions required for germination Summarise the findings of the experiment shown below: Click to listen to an explanation 4oC A moist dry Warm B C D E Oxygen present No oxygen No light Pyrogallol (absorbs oxygen)

Write this down!

While germinating the plant uses food stores in the cotyledon (seed) to provide energy for growth light The seedling can now photosynthesise and make its own food germination Plant growth and development soil

Changes in dry mass of the germinating seed: Seed loses weight as it uses up starch stores in the cotyledons as the seedling cannot photosynthesise yet Days Dry mass/g Weight increases as the seedling can photosynthesise and plant grows Dry mass is the mass of solid matter with all water removed

Directions: Number your page 1-12 Match the 12 “Help Wanted” signs to the plant structure who is most fit for the job You will write down the plant part and next to it: 1. any key words that led you to your answer. 2. what plant system(s) are associated with that part.

Example Help Wanted: Colorful personality needed to advertise availability of pollen & nectar. Must have experience working with bees. Petals

Journal should look like: Petals: Colorful, advertise pollen, bees (reproductive system)