Unit 1: Chemistry and Matter Mrs. Taylor HASD

MAKE A WEB CHEMISTRY

What is Chemistry? Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and the changes it undergoes

5 Branches of Chemistry Organic Chemistry- The study of most carbon containing compounds. Example: C6H12O6 (Sugar)

5 Branches of Chemistry 2. Inorganic Chemistry- The study of all substances that do not contain carbon. Example: H2O (Water)

5 Branches of Chemistry 3. Physical Chemistry- the study of the properties, changes, and relationship between energy and matter

5 Branches of Chemistry Analytical chemistry- the identification of the components and composition of materials.

5 Branches of Chemistry 5. Biochemistry- the study of substances and processes occurring in living things. Example: Photosynthesis

Matter and Properties Mass is the measure of the amount of matter. Matter is anything that has mass and volume (occupies space). Examples: You, me, your desk, air, smoke, water vapor. .

Pure Matter Two types: 1. Elements 2. Compounds

Pure Matter An element is a pure substance made of only one kind of atom. They are organized in the Periodic Table. A Compound is a substance that is made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded. Example: NaCl (two elements JOINED together)

Atom vs. Molecule

Impure Matter A mixture is impure matter A mixture is a blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties and can be separated physically.

Mixtures Two types of mixtures: 1. Heterogeneous 2. Homogeneous Homogeneous (also known as solutions) have uniform composition throughout. Examples: air, sugar in water, stainless steel. Heterogeneous are not uniform. Examples: granite, wood

Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous

Separation Techniques A mixture can be separated using physical means. Separation Techniques include using: A magnet Evaporation Distillation Chromatography Centrifugation Separating Funnel

Distillation

Filtration

Physical Properties Physical properties can be observed or measured without altering the identity of a material. Example: color, texture, melting point, state of matter.

3 states of matter Solids have definite shape and volume. Particles are packed closely together. Liquids have definite volume but, no shape 3. Gases have neither a definite volume nor definite shape.

States of Matter

Physical Changes Physical change is any change that does NOT result in a change in identity. Examples cutting wire, crushing a solid, gas expanding. Changes in state of matter is a physical change. Example: melting, boiling, freezing.

Chemical Properties Chemical Properties relates to a substances ability to undergo changes that alters its identity. Example a chemical’s reactivity.

Chemical Change Chemical change is when a substance is converted into different substance. Examples milk souring, leaves changing color in the fall. The process CANNOT be reversed.

Signs of a Chemical Change 1. Color Change 2. Heat and/or light is produced 3. Bubbles form (gas) 4. A precipitate is produced (A precipitate is a solid)

The Periodic Table Periodic table of elements is divided into small squares that have one element in each square. Elements have been named from their Latin meaning, places, famous scientists and from mythology.

Family or groups- vertical columns (18) Period- horizontal rows (7) Metals- ductile, malleable, lustrous, conduct heat and electricity, high tensile strength Nonmetals- brittle, dull, poor conductor Metalloids (also known as semi-metals)- have some characteristics of metals and nonmetals.