Rocks and The Rock Cycle

They are all made of minerals. 8G Rock band The rocks we see all come from the thin, solid crust on the outside of the Earth. They are all made of minerals. A mineral is a chemical found in a rock. Most minerals are mixtures of different chemicals. Marble Granite Slate

8H Name that rock... ? Believe it or not, rocks can be classified into groups – just like living organisms. The three main groups are: igneous sedimentary metamorphic What are the clues to help classify rocks?

Match Keywords and definitions Sediments Minerals Fossils Porous Remains of a dead plant or animal A rock that can absorb water Broken bits of rock Salts are examples of these

8G Freeze-thaw

Are these statements true or false? 8G True or false? Are these statements true or false? 1. Water expands when it freezes. 2. Rocks contract during the day and expand at night. 3. Acid rain dissolves some rocks. 4. Soft rocks weather more quickly than harder rocks. TRUE FALSE

Match Keywords and definitions Biological Chemical Physical

Acid rain pictures

What are the conditions that give the biggest rate of movement? 8G Move it! Fast! What are the conditions that give the biggest rate of movement? Amount of water Size of sediments Speed of water flow small slow medium large fast Where would you find these conditions?

What are the conditions that give the slowest rate of movement? 8G Move it! Fast! What are the conditions that give the slowest rate of movement? Amount of water Size of sediments Speed of water flow small slow medium large fast Where would you find these conditions?

Rocks may last a long time but they do change. 8G Break it, move it, shape it! Rocks may last a long time but they do change. Even the toughest rocks can be broken down to smaller particles. We call this process weathering. Small particles may be moved around to new areas. We call this transportation. The two processes together (weathering and transportation) are called erosion.

The sediments make a layer on the bottom of a lake or river. 8G Settle down! As the water carrying sediments slows down, the sediments fall out of suspension. The sediments make a layer on the bottom of a lake or river. New sediments are laid down on top, pressing the ones below together. Over thousands of years the sediments become stuck together to make a soft rock – sedimentary rock.

Which rock type is oldest? How can you tell? 8G Age of sediments Which rock type is oldest? How can you tell? The fossil in layer 4 is part of an ammonite from 180 million years ago. What does this tell you about the age of layer 3?

1. Sedimentary rocks take thousands of years to form. 8G Sedimentary facts True or false? 1. Sedimentary rocks take thousands of years to form. 2. Sedimentary rocks never form in layers. 3. Sedimentary rocks often contain crystals. 4. Salt crystals stick the grains in sedimentary rocks together. TRUE FALSE

2. Deposition lays down sediments. 8G Sedimentary facts True or false? 1. The first process involved in making sedimentary rocks is called weathering. 2. Deposition lays down sediments. 3. It is unlikely that you would find a fossil in a sedimentary rock. 4. Chalk is a sedimentary rock. TRUE FALSE

A volcano is a giant rock factory. 8H Rock factory A volcano is a giant rock factory. Magma (molten rock) from below the ground is pushed to the surface and cools. The rock that forms is called igneous rock.

Often look like flat plates stuck together. 8H Sedimentary Sedimentary rocks Often look like flat plates stuck together. Grains often visible, these can crumble apart. Fossils can be present. Rocks come from flat beds. Often porous (let water pass through easily).

Tough rocks with no plates visible. 8H Igneous rocks Igneous rocks Tough rocks with no plates visible. The crystals (if you can see them) often interlock and run in different directions. No fossils present – EVER! Rocks do not form in flat beds. Non-porous (will not let water through)

Remains of fossils sometimes present – but not often. 8H Metamorphic rock Metamorphic rocks Often ‘sugary’ with particles that can be arranged in sheets or randomly. Remains of fossils sometimes present – but not often. Beds often have wavy bands. Often less porous than sedimentary rocks – but metamorphic rocks show a wide range of porosity.

? Clues: Crystals visible Very tough rock 8H Your first specimen... ? Clues: Crystals visible Very tough rock Water cannot pass through (not porous) Is it sedimentary, igneous or metamorphic? Igneous!

? Clues: Fossils present Very porous Layers visible 8H How about this one... ? Clues: Fossils present Very porous Layers visible Is it sedimentary, igneous or metamorphic? Sedimentary!

? Clues: Grains very small Clear layers Not porous No fossils 8H And this one... ? Clues: Grains very small Clear layers Not porous No fossils Is it sedimentary, igneous or metamorphic? Metamorphic!

? Clues: Grains very small No layers Not porous No fossils 8H Last chance... ? Clues: Grains very small No layers Not porous No fossils Is it sedimentary, igneous or metamorphic? Metamorphic!

8H The rock cycle The rock cycle

8H The rock cycle

1. Metamorphic rocks are made by… 8H Rock cycle quiz 1. Metamorphic rocks are made by… a) heat and pressure acting on other rocks b) particles dropping out of suspension in streams and rivers c) a small factory outside Manchester. 2. Which of these would you NOT find in sedimentary rocks… a) fossils b) layered structure c) interlocking crystals of minerals.

a) a way to explain how types of rocks are converted to other forms 8H Rock cycle quiz 3. The rock cycle is… a) a way to explain how types of rocks are converted to other forms b) an explanation of how heating and cooling can break down rocks c) a musical by Andrew Lloyd Webber. 4. You could find the density of a rock sample by… a) dividing its mass by its volume b) dividing its volume by its mass c) multiplying its volume by its mass.

5. Slow cooling of magma produces rocks with… a) large crystals 8H Rock cycle quiz 5. Slow cooling of magma produces rocks with… a) large crystals b) small crystals c) no crystals. 6. You can dissolve the carbonate in a limestone sample using a) hydrochloric acid b) cold water c) boiling water.