Gustatory and Olfactory Systems

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Presentation transcript:

Gustatory and Olfactory Systems Chemical Senses Gustatory and Olfactory Systems

LOCATION OF THE SENSE ORGAN STRUCTURE OF THE SENSE ORGAN CONNECTIONS TO THE CNS PROJECTIONS WITHIN THE CNS CODING OF THE STIMULUS SENSORY DISORDERS (CLINICAL)

GUSTATION The Sense of Taste

Costanzo, 2002, Fig. 3-25 Costanzo, 2006, Fig. 3-25

Netter Presenter, 2004, III.9 Netter Presenter, 2004, III.9 (Modified*)

I V1 VII V2 IX V3 X I - olfactory nerve V1- ophthalmic division (trigeminal nerve) V2 - maxillary division (trigeminal nerve) V2 - mandibular division (trigeminal nerve) VII – chorda tympani branch of facial nerve IX - glossopharyngeal nerve X - vagus nerve X

purves15.10.jpg purves15.10.jpg From Purves, 2001

Costanzo, 2002, Fig. 3-28 Costanzo, 2006, Fig. 3-28

purves15.11a.jpg purves15.11a.jpg From Purves, 2001

TASTE DISORDERS QUANTITATIVE HYPERGEUSIA AGEUSIA HYPOGEUSIA QUALITATIVE CACOGEUSIA PARAGEUSIA

OLFACTION The Sense of Smell

Netter Presenter, 2004, III.84 Netter Presenter, 2004, III.84

Costanzo, 2002, Fig. 3-24 Costanzo, 2002, Fig. 3-24

Netter Presenter, 2004, III.85 Netter Presenter, 2004, III.85

purves15.1c&d.jpg From Purves, 2001

Schmidt, 1986, Fig. 9-4 Schmidt, 1986, Fig. 9-4

Schmidt, 1986, Fig. 9-4 Schmidt, 1986, Fig. 9-4

"odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 2004 Richard Axel and Linda B. Buck for their discoveries of "odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system" Buck, L. and Axel, R. (1991) Cell, vol. 65, 175-187. Discovery of large family of genes (Approx 1000) that give rise to 1000 odorant receptor proteins - G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) Total of 25,000 protein coding genes in genome 1000 odorant receptor genes in mouse (4.0%) 350 odorant receptor genes in human (1.4%) Odorant receptor subtypes project to only 1 or 2 glomeruli in the olfactory bulb. Odorants are encoded by the unique pattern of activity they generate in the brain. Nobelprize.org , 2004

Mori et.al.,Science 286:711-715, 1999

SMELL DISORDERS QUANTITATIVE HYPEROSMIA ANOSMIA HYPOSMIA QUALITATIVE CACOSMIA PAROSMIA

ETIOLOGY OF OLFACTORY DISORDERS Head Injury Chemical Exposure Nasal Sinus Disease Tumors Idiopathic Medications Aging Alzheimer’s Disease

CLINICAL ASSESSMENT History and Physical Exam Olfactory Function Tests

Netter Presenter, 2004, III.100A Netter Presenter, 2004, III.100A

EDUCATION AND COUNSELING Health & Safety Issues Dietary Issues Vocational Issues Quality of Life Issues

SUMMARY Specialized Smell and Taste Centers Clinical Assessment Multidisciplinary approach Clinical Assessment Diagnostic Tests Patient Management Counseling and Support