Satellite Derived Mid- Upper Level Winds

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Presentation transcript:

Satellite Derived Mid- Upper Level Winds Cegeon Chan MET 315: Remote Sensing

Outline Importance Instruments Location Tracking Height Assignment Quality Control http://apollo.lsc.vsc.edu/classes/remote/index.html Accuracy Summary

Importance Over oceanic regions Dvorak Technique Wind vectors Numerical Weather Prediction

Different Types cloud-drift 2) Water Vapor 3) Sounder WV 4) Visible

What does it look like? Capable of gathering water vapor fields Measure infrared energy

Imager Sounder Responsible for NH and SH Responsible for the tropics Low Frequency Responsible for the tropics High Frequency

Tracking Background Similar to cloud tracking Algorithm is housed within McIdas! Very sensitive Rule: at least 3 images to derive winds to produce 2 vectors Measures consistency between successive images

Tracking Procedure Take a small area Isolate the lowest cloud brightness temperature within a pixel array

Tracking Procedure (cont.) Compute bi-directional gradients are computed Cloud-free environments Generally in moist regimes

Height Assignment Goal is to ascertain the height level of the feature you tracked Can be complicated if there are multiple moist layers

Height Assignment (more) Convert measured radiance into Brightness Temperature This value is collocated with a model guess temperature S. Velden, Christopher, Christopher M. Hayden, Steven J. Nieman, W. Paul Menzel, Steven Wanzong, James S. Goerss, 1997: Upper-Tropospheric Winds Derived from Geostationary Satellite Water Vapor Observations. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society: Vol. 78, No. 2, pp. 173–173

Quality Control Algorithm Slow – using cloud drift winds Add 8% for 10m/s Incorporate satellite winds into analysis Remove those differing significantly from analysis Yellow = minus satellite Red = Plus satellite

Accuracy – how good is it? A particular single level does not represent a layer Generally good for 50 mb

Sources of Errors Assumption of clouds and water vapor Image registration errors Target identification and tracking errors Inaccurate height assignment

Summary Great applications – oceanic analysis, tropical cyclones Improved numerical weather analysis and prediction systems Similar to cloud tracking method Tendency to be slow

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