End of Semester Groupmeeting

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End of Semester Groupmeeting Contributions of moist convection and internal gravity waves to building the atmospheric “-5/3” kinetic energy spectra Y. Qiang Sun Richard Rotunno Fuqing Zhang End of Semester Groupmeeting 2016-05-10

Observed Power Spectra of Wind and Potential Temperature From Aircraft Synoptic scale mesoscale Nastrom and Gage (1985)

Baroclinic wave simulations: Dry .vs. Moist Sun and Zhang (2016) Simulated dry baroclinic Jets have a -3 slope, while moist experiments show a transition at mesoscale.

Difference Total Energy (DTE) Growth: Dry .vs. Moist Error growth behavior is possibly linked to the spectral slope. Implication of spectral slopes on intrinsic predictability consistent with the recent study of Rotunno and Snyder (2008 JAS).

Gravity waves in baroclinic wave simulations: Dry .vs. Moist (Wei and Zhang 2014 JAS; 2015 JAMES) Convection and gravity waves key to flatten the meso/small-scale spectral slope. Adjustment and gravity waves likely play a key role in the error propagation across scales, as hypothesized in Zhang et al. (2007 JAS).

Time evolution of our simulated squall line 2h 3h 4h 5h

Moist convection and gravity waves generated by convection South-north (km) Heat fluxes

Kinetic Energy Spectra in our Simulation wavelength (km) wavelength (km) 400 200 100 50 25 16 400 200 100 50 25 16 E(k) 10 100 10 100 wavenumber wavenumber

Spectra Budget Analysis for Kinetic Energy B(k) Flux(k) T(k) T(k): Energy transfer between different scales B(k): Energy conversion from potential energy, buoyancy production Flux(k): Communication between different height levels, induced by convection and vertical propagating gravity waves

Spectra Budget Analysis at different levels Lower Troposphere Upper Troposphere Lower Stratosphere

Kinetic Energy Spectra in Experiment with Coriolis effect wavelength (km) 400 200 100 50 25 16 10 100 wavenumber

Spectra Budget Analysis at different levels (Coriolis experiment)

Conclusion Convective systems, triggered in a horizontally homogeneous environment, are able to generate a background mesoscale kinetic energy spectrum with a -5/3 slope. Three physical processes actively contribute to the formation of the kinetic energy spectrum. The classical cascade picture can not be applied to our simulation. Strong communications exist between different height levels, due to vertical energy fluxes induced by convection and the gravity waves. B(k) Flux(k) T(k)