Chapter 7 Section 3: World War I Ends

Delegates gathered in 1919 to sign the treaty of Versailles

Key Terms total war – channeling all of a nation’s resources into a war effort conscription – “the draft,” which required all young men to be ready for military or other service contraband – during wartime, military supplies and raw materials needed to make military supplies that may legally be confiscated by any belligerent Lusitania – a British liner torpedoed and sunk by a German submarine in May 1915

propaganda – spreading ideas to promote or damage a cause atrocity – a horrible act committed against innocent people armistice – an agreement to end fighting Fourteen Points – U.S. President Woodrow Wilson’s list of terms for resolving World War I and future wars self-determination – the right of people to choose their own form of government

pandemic – a disease spread across a large area, country, continent, or the entire world reparations – payments for war damage radicals – people who want to make extreme changes collective security – a system in which a group of nations acts as one to preserve the peace of all mandate – a territory administered by Western powers

Governments Direct Total War By 1917, European societies were cracking under the strain of war Casualties on the fronts and shortages at home sapped morale All countries started conscription or “the draft” Food was rationed, huge amounts of money was borrowed , taxes raised

Blockades and Submarines Blockades were set up to cut off supplies Germany vowed to sink all ships carrying goods to Britain Lusitania hit Many Americans killed Supplies for Britain lost (allies)

-President Wilson was not happy -Threatened Germany to cut off relations -U-boats would now give warnings before firing

The Propaganda War The press was censored and casualties were hidden Motion pictures, literature, and the arts were censored Governments urged civilians to loan money through propaganda

World War I Propaganda

Women and World War I Women played a critical role in war effort Worked jobs and kept natural economies going Nurses played a key role and witnessed horrible situations

The Great War Ends American involvement was a turning point for the Allies Although relatively few American troops fought, their arrival boosted Allied morale. German generals told William II that the war could not be won. He fled to the Netherlands. Austria-Hungary collapsed. Bulgaria and the Ottoman empire also asked for peace

The US enters the war The US and Allies were very close In 1917, the British intercepted the Zimmerman note This note proved Germany was trying to rally Mexico against the US In April of 1917, President Wilson asked Congress to declare war on Germany

The new German government sought an armistice, and the Great War officially ended on November 11, 1918 @ 11 am

Wilson’s Fourteen Points Even before the war ended Wilson outlined a plan for peace: Freedom of the seas Free trade Arms reductions An end to secret treaties Self-determination for Eastern Europe An association of nations to keep the peace (League of Nations)

The Costs of World War I

Making Peace Before the war ended, President Wilson decided to go in person to Paris, where Allied leaders would try to make peace. Wilson's idea of self-determination and democracy seemed to be what everyone wanted

Goals Big three had different ideas President Wilson 14 Points British Prime Minister George rebuild Britain $$ French leader Clemenceau wanted to weaken Germany so they can never be a threat again

Treaty of Versailles -Imposed reparations of $30 billion -Forced Germany to accept full responsibility for the war -Imposed reparations of $30 billion -Limited size of German army -took land and overseas colonies from Germany

Effects of the Peace Settlements The Allies drew up separate treaties with the other Central Powers These treaties redrew the map of Eastern Europe and affected colonial peoples around the globe Like the Treaty of Versailles, these treaties left widespread dissatisfaction

League of Nations Pro’s Con’s 40 nations joined Wanted to talk about problems rather than go to war Work together against common enemies Collective security US Senate and President Wilson could not compromise on US joining Lack of US involvement weakened the league League had no power outside it’s members and could not prevent war