Foot D.Rania Gabr D.Sama. D.Elsherbiny

Objectives Know the retinaculae around the ankle and their relations. Discuss the characteristic features of joints of foot. Explain the layers of foot with their contents. Identify the muscles present in the layers of foot with their actions. Understand the arches of foot.

Dorsum of Foot Extensor Digitorum Brevis Dorsalis Pedis MUSCLE BLOOD VESSEL NERVE Extensor Digitorum Brevis Dorsalis Pedis DEEP & Superficial Peroneal

Extensor Digitorum Brevis Origin Insertion Action Anterior part of upper surface of the Calcaneum and from the Inferior extensor retinaculum By four tendons into the proximal phalanx of big toe and long extensor tendons to second, third, and fourth toes Extend toes

Sole : DEEP FASCIA The plantar aponeurosis is a triangular thickening of the deep fascia. Function: protects the underlying nerves, blood vessels, and muscles. Apex: attached to the medial and lateral tubercles of the calcaneum. Base: divides into five slips that pass into the toes.

MUSCLES OF THE SOLE OF THE FOOT The muscles of the sole are conveniently described in four layers from superficial to deep.

First Layer Abductor hallucis, Flexor digitorum brevis, Abductor digiti minimi

Second Layer 2 muscles: Flexor digitorum accessorius (Quadratus plantae). Lumbricals. 2. 2 tendons: Flexor digitorum longus tendon, Flexor hallucis longus tendon

Third Layer Flexor hallucis brevis Adductor hallucis Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Fourth Layer Interossei, (3 plantar + 4 dorsal). Peroneus longus tendon, Tibialis posterior tendon

Function of small muscles of Foot chiefly concerned with supporting the arches of the foot. Although their names would suggest control of individual toes, this function is rarely used in most people

Nerve supply of small muscles of Foot All muscles of foot supplied by lateral planter nerve except: flexor diditorum brevis, abductor hallucis and 1st lumbrical by medial planter nerve.

Synovial Flexor Sheaths The tendons of the flexor hallucis longus and the flexor digitorum longus are surrounded by synovial sheaths