Finger Dislocation of the PIP Joint and Volar Plate By: Maggie Trainor and SierraLynn Johnson

So what is a finger dislocation of the PIP joint? Dislocation of a joint occurs when traumatic forces cause complete loss of continuity between the joint’s 2 articulating surfaces. This occurs on the proximal interphalangeal joint and sometimes ruptures the volar plate. Fun Fact! Dislocations of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint of the second through fifth digits are the most common dislocations within the hand.

How is the dislocation of the PIP joint different from rupturing the volar plate? Lateral finger PIP joint dislocations are due to a blow in the radial or ulnar direction; ulnarly directed dislocations are more common than radially directed dislocations. Injury to the volar plate can occur when the joint is hyperextended. This is due to a longitudinal blow to a moderately flexed middle phalanx causes disruption of a collateral ligament and partial avulsion of the volar plate. Fun Fact! Volar finger PIP joint dislocations are extremely uncommon.

How do you treat this injury? Treatment may simply consist of a short period of splinting and early exercise. Although, many sprains can be treated with simple buddy taping to the adjacent finger. When the volar plate has been completely ruptured a brace to prevent the joint from straightening completely while still allowing the joint to bend is recommended. Surgery when necessary is used to repair extensive damage to the collateral ligaments or volar plate. Sometimes surgery is necessary if the volar plate does not allow the surgeon to realign the PIP joint. Volar Plate Avulsion Fracture

How can a person recover from this injury? You may see improvement in three to six weeks. After three to four weeks, the joint should heal enough to remove the splint and begin strengthening exercises. Injuries to the PIP joint remain swollen for long periods of time. You'll wear a splint or brace for three weeks after surgery to give the repair time to heal. Therapy is used after both surgery and non-surgery treatments.