Pertemuan 4 Past Perfect & Past Perfect Continuous Matakuliah : <<G0134>>/<<Grammar III>> Tahun : <<2005>> Versi : <<versi/revisi>> Pertemuan 4 Past Perfect & Past Perfect Continuous

Learning Outcomes Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa akan mampu : << Mhs dapat mengidentifikasi penggunaan tenses-tenses ini >> << Mhs dapat membuat kalimat-kalimat dengan baik dan benar dengan tenses-tenses ini>>

When to use the Past Continuous When to use the Past Perfect Simple Outline Materi When to use the Past Continuous When to use the Past Perfect Simple When to use the Past Perfect Continuous Vocabulary: Suffixes

We use the past continuous: For an activity beginning before a past action and continuing until or after it. When we were queuing for the cinema, we saw a really famous footballer. For two things happening at the same time: He was buying a burger and all the crowds were walking past.

Past Continuous For repeated events, with a word like always or continually, especially if the speaker is criticising the activity: Your mother was always doing her homework. (=She did her homework regularly and often. Jack’s grandmother thinks she worked too hard!) For unfulfilled plans, with verbs like hope, plan, etc.:

I was hoping to find a new jacket. (= but I didn’t find one) Past Continuous I was hoping to find a new jacket. (= but I didn’t find one) State verbs are used in the past simple, not the past continuous: I didn’t know him. (not I wasn’t knowing him.)

We use the past perfect simple: When we are already talking about the past and want to make it clear that we are referring back to an even earlier time: Yesterday afternoon I was bored. I’d been to town, I’d done the shopping and I’d finished all my homework so I decided to paint my room.

Past Perfect Yesterday morning Yesterday Today (=earlier) afternoon (=later) _______________________________________________________ T H E P A S T NOW I’d been to town I was bored Richard is speaking I’d done the shopping I decided today I’d finished my homework

We use the past perfect simple: In some sentences with time expressions (when, after, by the time, as soon as) when one event happened before the other: By the time Richard’s mother got home, he’d finished painting the room. We don’t use the past perfect: If one action happens at the same time as another: When Richard’s mother saw the

room, she was horrified. (not When Richard’s mother had seen …) If one action comes immediately after the other and is connected to it: When Jill heard the baby cry, she ran to pick him up. (not When Jill had heard …)

Notice the difference in meaning between these two sentences: When Richard’s mother came into the room, he stopped painting. (=she came in, then he stopped) When Richard’s mother came into the room, he’d stopped painting. (=he stopped, then she came in)

We use the past perfect continuous: To focus on the earlier activity itself or on how long it continued: He had a headache because he’d been playing computer games for hours. We use the past perfect simple: When we do not need to emphasize the activity or the period of time: He’d played all of the computer games and wanted to do something different.

When we talk about how long something happened up to a point in the past:: How long had you been driving when the car broke down? When we talk about how many or how often up to a point in the past: I’d driven six kilometres when the car broke down. State verbs are not usually used in the past perfect continuous: I’d known her since she was four years old. (=not I’d been knowing her …)