Do Now Do you believe that people today see religion as an important part of their daily lives? Explain Explain factors that might cause a person to value religion more or value religion less in life. TAKE ONE OF THE PACKETS ON THE DESK WHEN YOU COME INTO CLASS

The Frankish Empire Germanic Tribes of Europe and How They Became Catholics and Then Set the Stage for the Catholic Church to Basically Rule Everything…

Essential Questions Who were important figures of the Frankish Empire? How did the Franks become Catholics? How did the Catholic Church assert its dominance over the Franks?

Germanic Tribes Take a Guess: Where does the word “Germanic” come from? Who were the most important Germanic tribes?

The Franks Clovis, King of the Franks  Franks were originally polytheistic, like most tribes. Converted to Christianity in 496 Take a guess: Why did he convert? Why was that important?

A Map

Stop, Hammer Time In 732, the Franks, under the leadership of Charles “The Hammer” Martel, fought a major battle at Tours, in France. Who do you think they fought? Who won? Why was the result important?

Do Now Take out your primary source packet and read the last primary source “History of the Franks” Determine why Clovis would convert to Christianity and explain why many of his followers converted as well. We will discuss this later in class

Charlemagne The greatest and tallest King of the Franks. Ruled from 768-814. Notice what he’s holding: Why might the artist have drawn those symbols?

What is happening in this picture What is happening in this picture? How would this event establish a relationship between the parties involved?

Do Now In your own words, define loyalty Can you think of a situation in which someone’s loyalty to you was very important or when you had to be loyal to someone?

Europe in the 6c

The Middle Ages or Medieval Period ( 500 CE -1500 CE.) Rise of New Kingdoms/States that are not united New Kingdoms are unable to protect themselves from Barbarian Invasions, causing a need for localized Protection Barbarian Invasions cause the Fall of the Western Roman Empire The Rise of Feudalism in Europe

Feudalism Developed as a result of frequent invasions in western Europe Kings and nobles needed a way to protect their lands

Feudalism Lords divided their lands into estates called fiefs Fiefs (land) given to vassals in return for loyalty and military support All nobles were vassals to the King

Feudal Obligations Provide military service Remain loyal and faithful Knights Obligation to Lord Lord’s Obligation to Knights Provide military service Remain loyal and faithful Give money on special occasions Give Land Protect from attack Resolve disputes between knights

Peasants and Serfs Serfs Peasants who lived and worked on the lord’s manor Were not allowed to leave the manor or marry without the lord’s permission Were allowed to farm on the manor in return for work Lords were required to protect the serfs

Life of Serfs The life of a serf was harsh Worked long hours few lived past 35 years old Based on heredity You were a serf if you parents were

Life of Serf The Harshness of Manor Life Peasants pay taxes to use mill and bakery; pay a tithe to priest Tithe—a church tax—is equal to one-tenth of a peasant’s income Serfs live in crowded cottages with dirt floors, straw for beds Worked long hours raising crops, livestock; feeding and clothing family Poor diet, illness, malnutrition make life expectancy 35 years Serfs generally accept their lives as part of God’s plan

Constructing the Pyramid Feudal Power SERFS AND FREEMEN

Constructing the Pyramid of Feudal Power LESSER NOBLES (KNIGHTS) LABOR PROTECTION SERFS AND FREEMEN

Constructing the Pyramid of Feudal Power POWERFUL NOBLES LAND AND PROTECTION LOYALTY AND MILITARY SERVICE LESSER NOBLES (KNIGHTS) LABOR PROTECTION SERFS AND FREEMEN

Constructing the Pyramid of Feudal Power KING LOYALTY AND SERVICE LAND POWERFUL NOBLES LAND AND PROTECTION LOYALTY AND MILITARY SERVICE LESSER NOBLES (KNIGHTS) LABOR PROTECTION SERFS AND FREEMEN

The TRUE Structure of Medieval Society

The Medieval Catholic Church filled the power vacuum left from the collapse of the classical world. CHURCH IS CENTER OF EVERY TOWN monasticism: St. Benedict – Benedictine Rule of poverty, chastity, and obedience. provided schools for the children of the upper class. inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war. libraries & scriptoria to copy books and illuminate manuscripts. monks  missionaries to the barbarians. [St. Patrick, St. Boniface]

The Power of Medieval Church bishops and abbots played a large part in the feudal system. the church controlled about 1/3 of the land in Western Europe. tried to curb feudal warfare  only 40 days a year for combat. curb heresies  crusades; Inquisition tithe  1/10 tax on your assets given to the church. Peter’s Pence  1 penny per person [paid by the peasants].

Medieval Population How many people do you think lived in all of Europe in the year 1200? A) 5 million B) 10 million – the size of NYC today C) 75 million D) 100 million E) 300 million – the size of the USA today

Medieval Towns Population in all of Europe was about 75 million What enabled people to move into towns? What were conditions in towns?

Sit in small group (4 – 5 per city) Everyone in the family must reach into the envelope and pull out one card If you have a skull card, come see me, I will give you another one Once everyone has looked at their card place your ORIGNAL card back in the envelope Move clockwise to the next city If you have a skull card, place it in your new city’s envelope and wait for further instructions

Activity What did you notice about the Activty? Why was it harder and harder to stay alive? Why would a MEDIEVAL person think this was happening?

What do you see here? How might this person have died? What are the people in the middle doing?

The decline of Feudalism and the rise of democratic thought 3 major events happened during this time period that changed Europe forever The Magna Carta The Black Death 100 years war

1300s and 1400s in Europe = 25 million dead THE BLACK DEATH

Spread of the Plague

How it was Transmitted… Bubonic plague = a disease spread by fleas on rats “bubo” or enlarged lymphatic gland Rats and humans serve as host for disease

Septi-cemic Form: almost 100% mortality rate. Mortality rate was 30-75% SYMPTOMS: SIGNS: enlarged and inflamed lymph nodes (around arm pits, neck and groin) headaches nausea aching joints fever of 101-105 degrees vomiting Bulbous Septi-cemic Form: almost 100% mortality rate.

Central Historical Question How did people in the 14th century understand the Black Death?

Lancing a Buboe

Medieval Art & the Plague Bring out your dead!

Boccaccio in The Decameron The victims ate lunch with their friends and dinner with their ancestors.

Efforts to Stop It: burned all manner of incense: *juniper, laurel, pine, beech, lemon leaves, rosemary, camphor and sulfur handkerchiefs dipped in aromatic oils = cover faces in public cure of sound =rang church bells, set off cannons

Common Nursery Rhyme Ring a-round the rosy           Pocket full of posies           Ashes, ashes!           We all fall down!

Origin of Nursery Rhyme… 1. rosary beads give you God's help 2. used to stop the odor of rotting bodies, used widely by doctors to protect them from the infected plague patients 3. the church burned the dead when burying them became to laborious 4. DEAD!!!!!

Children Effected: Physically & Mentally exposure to public nudity, craziness, and (obviously) abundant death was premature. parents even abandoned their children, leaving them to the streets children = especially unlucky if they were female…baby girls would be left to die WHY?????

A Little Macabre Ditty “A sickly season,” the merchant said, “The town I left was filled with dead, and everywhere these queer red flies crawled upon the corpses’ eyes, eating them away.” “Fair make you sick,” the merchant said, “They crawled upon the wine and bread. Pale priests with oil and books, bulging eyes and crazy looks, dropping like the flies.”

A Little Macabre Ditty (2) “I had to laugh,” the merchant said, “The doctors purged, and dosed, and bled; “And proved through solemn disputation “The cause lay in some constellation. “Then they began to die.” “First they sneezed,” the merchant said, “And then they turned the brightest red, Begged for water, then fell back. With bulging eyes and face turned black, they waited for the flies.”

A Little Macabre Ditty (3) “I came away,” the merchant said, “You can’t do business with the dead. “So I’ve come here to ply my trade. “You’ll find this to be a fine brocade…” And then he sneezed…....!

The Mortality Rate 35% - 70% 25,000,000 dead !!!

What were the political, economic, and social effects of the Black Death??

Effects of the Plague Merchants died causing trade to significantly decline and in turn raised prices Workers and employers also die, production declines, prices continue to rise. This all led to peasant revolts because their wages are no longer sufficient to live off of. Break down of the feudal system (no one left) The Jewish population was blamed for the plague and in some cases they were slaughtered because of it. Church’s power was significantly weakened.