Interim between the World Wars:

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Presentation transcript:

Interim between the World Wars: 1920-1940

A. Returning Home Rez and Urban Job market War bonuses Issues 1919 Society of American Indians petitioned to be included in Paris Peace Conf. 1923 Arapaho petition League of Nations Full bloods tended to go back to Rez more often than mixed bloods AEF Football and other sports Showbiz, bronc rider, tap dancer and singer

B. Tribal Responses Victory & Welcome Dances, Powwows Came home wounded and crippled Maladjustment and alienation vs. tribal leaders Alcohol and Drugs Cultural impurities American Indians of the World War AIWW

C. Federal Responses “We may indeed all be proud of our red race and its record in the World War.” Plenty Coups selected to place wreath on the tomb of the unknown soldier. Pres. Coolidge sent certificates to tribes; which were feted by recipients Warren Harding “The Bloviator” and the “return to normalcy”

D. External Issues 1918 Spanish Influenza 1919 Indian Citizenship Act Virginia Racial Integrity Act 1924 1924 Indian Citizenship Act 1926: Tribal health care crisis 1928: Meriam Report

E. Peace-Time Service Reliance on the Navy: 1920-1940 Small “mobilization army,” 19,000 officers and 205,000 enlisted men Jan. 1921 enlisted strength to 175,000 June 1921: to 150,000. 1922: 12,000 comm. officers and 125,000 enlisted, not including 7,000 Philippine Scouts Army strength stabilized at about that level until 1936. Pershing remains in Rhineland till Jan. 1923. Many relic forts of Indian Wars remanned Army garrisons maintained in Hawaii, the Philippines, and Panama.

F. Border Patrol Regular Army guarded Mexican border 1919-20 due to revolutionary disturbances in Mexico. Guy Lambert (Yankton Sioux) enlisted 1916 was stationed on Mexican border, later served as Indian police

G. Domestic Strife 1921 Summer: Army helped suppress of labor disputes and race conflicts 1930 Congress released $1,440,000 for medical services on Rez 1931: BIA used Red Cross & Army to supply winter rations July 28, 1932: Bonus Army March. 1933: Emergency Conservation Work Act, Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Army mobilized 310,000 men into 1,315 camps 1933: Indian desks within the New Deal agencies