Sectionalism and Civil War Review Part 8 Sectionalism and Civil War

Sectionalism North – Most cities (more urban); most reform organizations; many factory workers; high population growth Cool climate; rocky soil; fast rivers; fishing resources Manufacturing; fishing; shipping; wage labor South – plantations; family farms; large slave populations; low population growth Warm climate Farming; slave labor; slaves were huge portion of southern wealth West – lightly populated, but growing; mixture of ethnic groups; few slaves Plentiful land; mineral deposits; fur resources small farms; mining; fur trapping

Tax on imported goods to raise government revenues Tariffs Tax on imported goods to raise government revenues

Compromises Missouri Compromise 1820 – Missouri admitted as slave state and Maine admitted as free state; all future states from Louisiana Territory north of 36°30’ would be free Compromise of 1850 – (Henry Clay) California admitted as a free state Washington D.C. ended slave trade in nation’s capital Fugitive Slave Act required all people to help catch and return slaves Kansas – Nebraska Act – voters within the territories would determine whether slave or free; violated Missouri Compromise

Causes of the Civil War Dred Scott v. Sandford 1857: Supreme Court ruled slaves were not citizens, file lawsuits and slaves were property States’ Rights: southern states believed that states had the right to nullify illegal federal laws and states could secede Slavery: southern states believed the North would abolish slavery as soon as it had the votes to do so Sectionalism: regions of U.S. had grown so different that they seldom shared the same interests or goals Election of 1860: Lincoln Elected

Civil War Fort Sumter: first shots of the Civil War; confederate forces shelled fort for days; Union forces surrendered Battle of Antietam: Bloodiest Single Day of Battle Emancipation Proclamation: Lincoln issued this proclamation that freed slaves in rebelling states would be free Battle of Vicksburg – turning point in the western theater; Union control of the Mississippi Battle of Gettysburg – turning point in eastern theater; 3- day battle; Union Victory Appomattox Courthouse – final battle and location of surrender by Robert E. Lee to Ulysses S. Grant

Abraham Lincoln 1st Inaugural Address: Gettysburg Address: delivered in spirit of reconciliation after secession: assured southerner that slavery was lawful were it existed as was the required return of runaways; made the case that states could not secede and that Union must be preserved; it was south’s decision, not his, whether to begin a war Gettysburg Address: Honored Union soldiers who gave their lives so that “…government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.” 2nd Inaugural Address: Delivered in spirit of healing the nations wounds at a time when the end of the war was within sight; focused on reunification (not punishment of the South for the war)

Union Lincoln: Ulysses S. Grant: William Carney: Philip Bazaar: President of the Union (North) Ulysses S. Grant: General of Union (North) Army William Carney: Medal of Honor recipient (soldier, runaway slave) Philip Bazaar: Medal of Honor recipient (Chilean-born sailor)

Confederacy Jefferson Davis: Robert E. Lee: President of the Confederacy (South) Robert E. Lee: General of the Confederate (South) Army Thomas Jonathan “Stonewall” Jackson: Gifted tactician; a commander in Confederate (South) Army