The Role of Regulations for IG Ata Yari ATRA Advisor 27 April, 2017 NC

Objectives What is governance/internet governance What is regulation? Why is it needed? What do ATRA regulate? (Voice, data or both) How do you regulate? Some examples of major cases. Some achievements of the recent past and future plans

Difference b/n the Terms The term ‘governance’ refers to an encompassing set of guiding rules and norms that guide any area of human activity. Rules that may be formal or informal, and are applicable to virtually any societal activity, whether ‘market governance’, ‘political governance’ or ‘Internet governance.’ ‘Governance’ extends beyond ‘government’, where the latter tends to refer to the formal internal processes of state institutions, and their relationships to one another. Keohane and Nye (2002:12)

Governance ‘By Governance, we mean the processes and institutions, both formal and informal, that guide and restrain the collective activities of a group. Government is the subset that acts with authority and creates formal obligations. Governance need not necessarily be conducted exclusively by governments

Rules Rules ……. Data Data Addressing Norms Norms Routings Protocols Connections Computing

Governance .. ‘Governance’ is defined as a syndrome of norms and rules controlling: property rights, market structures, equity assumptions and authoritative definitions about which social actors are permitted to participate in governance processes and which are excluded.

The ‘Quad’ Government Private sector Research and development Civil society (ERNEST J. WILSON III Government and Politics, 2005)

Internet Governance Internet governance comes from a social formation i.e. the ‘Quad’, which consists of patterned interactions among elites in four sectors of the economy, with individuals seeking to maximize their material and ideational interests by restructuring selected rules of the game that most affect their access to and control over the scarce services and goods provided by new information and communication technologies. The rules, regulations, norms and expectations we call governance of the Internet emerged out of negotiated interactions. (Ernest J. Wilson, 2005)

Why Regulation? Market Economies can not function without rules. Necessary to mitigate broader market failures. Regulatory intervention is vital in supporting competition and supporting the welfare of consumers.

MARKET بازار د کم پیدا سرچینو سمبالښت Dev. Enab. Env. For ICT Growth and Investment Coordination Scarce Resources Set Standards بازار د کم پیدا سرچینو سمبالښت د ودې او پانګونې لپاره وړ چاپېریال د معیارونو وضع کول

Dev. Enab. Env. for ICT Growth and Investment Regulatory Framework Policy Laws Authority Regulations Procedures Guidelines … Dev. Enab. Env. for ICT Growth and Investment

Public Safety & National Security مصونیت و امنیت عامه UA دسترسی سراسری Values Consumer Protection حمایت مستهلکین Competition رقابت

ATRA As an organization Scope of authority Functions Consumers Government Private Sector As an organization Scope of authority Functions Organizational Structure Licensing regime Universal obligations-TDF Coordination Achievements New trends Coordination: Regional and International

Where we are? Cumulated Investment 2.38 billion UD dollars Fixed-line telephone subscribers 113,253 Mobile telephone subscribers extended 27/21.33 million 3G subscribers 2.93 millions Base Stations 6861 Internet Service Providers 63 WiMAX service providers 2 National Backbone Optical Fiber 5000 km Network with Regional Connectivity

Where we are ?… VAS 48 TTSP companies 6 VAS companies 43 Solution Providers & 32 telecom equipment importers

Where we are? … TV operators 105 AM Radio Stations 2 FM Operators 295 FM Radio stations 777 Medium wave radios 8 Short wave stations 4 Armature radios 42 TV stations 319 Digital TV broadcaster 1

New policy Trend (3 Oct. 2016) Gov. formulated this policy of Open Access and Competitive Provisioning for Afghanistan’s Fiber Optic and Broaadband Sectors to: attract private investment , promote a robust communication marketplace, market free of monopolies, It will effectively provide affordability, ubiquity, and growth in other economic sectors.

Open Access and Competitive Provisioning for Afghanistan The policy governs all government policy and actions relating to authorizing existing and future ICT providers to: build, locate, own, and operate physical infrastructure, including: international gateways and internet exchange point (IXPs).

Future Convergence Emerging technologies IoT Cloud computing Artificial intelligence …. Super Human …. Algorithms Data

Any question?

Thanks