Late Antiquity and Middle Ages

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Presentation transcript:

Late Antiquity and Middle Ages The concept of beauty

Aims Examine the concept of beauty in Late Antiquity and in the Middle Ages Observe a continuity between Antiquity and Modernity

Authors Plotinus (203-270) Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) James Joyce (1882-1941)

The concept of Beauty Platonic Ideas Ideas, participationr (quality really in the thing) Examples: Ikons and sacred images

Examples from authors Plotinus Thomas Aquinas James Joyce

Plotinus Symmetry Form Unity Harmony

Symmetry 1 Symmetry of the parts each to one another and to the whole plus color causes visual beauty Beauty is symmetry and harmony

Symmetry 2 If so, then nothing simple can be beautiful, only what is composed If the whole is beautiful, so must the parts A beautiful whole can not be composed of ugly parts Symmetry does not apply to the parts Therefore beauty does not consist in symmetry alone.

Form Beauty: because of participation in form Ugliness: outside regularity and form Form creates one out of many, one consistent whole by the symmetry of its parts Unity is what the form gives to the things, even though they are composed of a multiplicity

Unity Beauty reigns over matter When it has been unified And gives itself both to the parts and the whole

Harmony in the soul A hous is an “inner form” broken upp by matter (stones for instance) Perception moves this form to the interior of the mind It harmonizes with the soul Shows the same in another medium

Effect of beauty Evokes emotion Wonder Sweet startling Desire Passion Wonderful excitement

Thomas Aquinas Pulchra sunt quae visa placent Beauty exists in things Beauty gives pleasure Pleasure is a mark of beauty

Aesthetic value Ad pulchritudinem tria requiruntur: Integritas (one whole) Consonantia (inner harmony) Claritas (clarity, brightness)

Joyce Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1914) Artistic values Wholeness Harmony Radiance

Joyce, frh. Wholeness: one thing Harmony: one thing Radiance: this thing