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Volume 168, Issue 1, Pages 323-330 (July 2002) Long-Term Effect of Ovariectomy and Simulated Birth Trauma on the Lower Urinary Tract of Female Rats Julio Resplande, Shahram S. Gholami, Tulio M. Graziottin, Rodman Rogers, Ching-Shwun Lin, Wendy Leng, Tom F. Lue The Journal of Urology Volume 168, Issue 1, Pages 323-330 (July 2002) DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)64915-4 Copyright © 2002 American Urological Association, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 A, Increased number of apoptotic cells in ovariectomy/ballooned rat show red-brown staining pattern (arrowhead). B, control animal shows few apoptotic cells. Reduced from ×400. The Journal of Urology 2002 168, 323-330DOI: (10.1016/S0022-5347(05)64915-4) Copyright © 2002 American Urological Association, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Scatterplot shows no correlation of apoptotic index with maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP) (Pearson’s correlation coefficient r = −0.120, p = 0.577). The Journal of Urology 2002 168, 323-330DOI: (10.1016/S0022-5347(05)64915-4) Copyright © 2002 American Urological Association, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Vaginal section. A, in ovariectomy/ballooning rat note epithelial atrophy, increased connective tissue content and decreased muscle layer. B, control animal shows thicker epithelium, normal connective tissue and normal smooth muscle content. Masson’s trichrome, reduced from ×100. The Journal of Urology 2002 168, 323-330DOI: (10.1016/S0022-5347(05)64915-4) Copyright © 2002 American Urological Association, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Electron micrography of control rat urethral smooth muscle cells. A, note shape of cells with many finger-like processes and cell-to-cell junctions (asterisks). Reduced from ×7.250. B, note many mitochondria, some distributed around nuclei (long arrows). Electron dense zones are present all along cell membrane (curved arrow). Also note many caveolae underneath cell membrane (open arrow) and closer view of cell-to-cell junction (asterisks). Reduced from ×16.750. The Journal of Urology 2002 168, 323-330DOI: (10.1016/S0022-5347(05)64915-4) Copyright © 2002 American Urological Association, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Electron micrography of ovariectomy/ballooned rat urethral smooth muscle cells. A, note degenerated mitochondria (long arrows), widened intercellular spaces and collagen fibrils surrounding muscle bundles (arrowheads). B, cells are less contracted with few finger-like process. Distribution of electron dense zones is similar to that in controls (curved arrow). Mitochondrial alteration is also present (long arrow). Sarcolemmal microfilaments appear normal (bold arrow). Reduced from ×16.750. The Journal of Urology 2002 168, 323-330DOI: (10.1016/S0022-5347(05)64915-4) Copyright © 2002 American Urological Association, Inc. Terms and Conditions