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Stem Cells and Osteoporosis 1.5 Million Osteoporosis related fractures per year Current Osteoporosis Treatments Bisphosphonates are the most common medications prescribed for osteoporosis treatment. These include: Alendronate (Fosamax) Risedronate (Actonel) Ibandronate (Boniva) Zoledronic acid (Reclast) Hormones Estrogen Hormone-like Medications Raloxifene (Evista) None of the above medications have ever been shown to form new bone, or increase bone density, but rather possible slowing down bone loss only.

Stem Cells and Osteoporosis Teriparatide (Forteo) Only osteoporosis drug which has ever been shown to have the potential to rebuild bone. Made by bacteria (E. Coli) Typically used in those who have already had a fracture related to Osteoporosis. Recombinant human parathyroid hormone, used by injection May increase risk of bone cancer (osteosarcoma) May cause loss of normal bone marrow Bodenner D, Redman C, Riggs A. Teriparatide in the management of osteoporosis. Clin Interv Aging. 2007 Dec; 2(4): 499–507.

Stem Cells and Osteoporosis How can Stem Cells help Osteoporosis? Stem Cells can form “Osteocytes”, which are bone cells Stem Cells which are capable of forming Osteocytes can be isolated from blood; they are called or “Small Embryonic-Like Stem Cells” “VSELs” VSELs are formed by the Bone Marrow and then released into the blood stream; they are inactive in blood, waiting for a process to activate them. Osteocytes VSELs can be activated by cold temperature Once active, VSELs will go to work seeking out areas of inflammation and disease

Stem Cells and Osteoporosis Patient Case Study: 65 year old female Known severe Osteoporosis of the lumbar spine and femur Not responding to conservative treatment Rapid decline in bone density with high fracture risk Treatment: VSEL Stem Cells by IV infusion August 2015, September 2016

Stem Cells and Osteoporosis Bone Density test results Left Hip: VSEL VSEL

Stem Cells and Osteoporosis Bone Density rest results Lumbar Spine (low back): VSEL VSEL

Stem Cells and Osteoporosis Case Study Results: 16% improvement in lumbar spine bone density Patient bone density changed from “severe” to “mild” osteoporosis after only 2 treatments (1 yearly) 5% improvement in left hip bone density Significant reduction in fracture risk Stem cells taken from patient’s own blood No complications or side effects