Intermarriage and the intergenerational transmission of Aromanian

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Intermarriage and the intergenerational transmission of Aromanian in the Central Balkans Andrei Călin Dumitrescu 13.11.2015

The Aromanian language Second-largest Balkan Romance language Number of speakers (Ethnologue): Macedonia: 6,890 Albania: 3,850 Greece: 50,000 Level of endangerment (Ethnologue): Macedonia: 4 (Educational) Albania: 6b (Threatened) Greece: 6b (Threatened)

source: Wikipedia

Assessing the vitality of Aromanian Main focus of this presentation: Is the language still being transmitted to children? Are Aromanians being assimilated to the majority through intermarriage? Other topics: Domains of use of the language Viability of Aromanian speaker communities Attitudes of the majority

Sociolinguistic questionnaire 1. Background information 2. Family history father's and mother's mother tongue spouse's mother tongue 3. Language use in your childhood What language(s) did your parents speak with each other? 4. Language use at school 5. What language(s) do you speak with your spouse? your siblings? your children? your grandchildren? etc.

Data 17 informants 15 male, 2 female average age 65 (youngest 37, oldest 85) interviewed in 7 different localities interviews conducted mostly in Aromanian, a couple in English, with help of questionnaire in official language by no means a representative sample, but rather a variety sample

Problems Is the question asked in an understandable way? Does the informant understand the concept of ”mother tongue” in the same way as linguists? Can the informant reliably assess language skills and frequency of use? Most data focuses on the individual informant e.g. year of birth languages spoken by other members of the family between themselves not surveyed, except for language spoken by parents to each other Not all data was obtained from all informants

Intermarriage by generation Assuming a ”baseline generation” born in appox. 1940- 1960:

Present transmission to children Nowadays, all children and youth appear to be bilingual at best Most appear to live in an area outside the traditional Aromanian-speaking regions There is no teaching of Aromanian in the schools of the surveyed region

Further research Larger samples with more thorough data Observation of actual language use Interviews with second-language learners of Aromanian