Animal Unit Review

Animals List any defining characteristics that you can think of that describe animals

Animals List any differences that you can think of that distinguish animals from other groups of organisms Eukaryotic, Heterotrophic, Multicellular Organisms All require movement, response to environment, excretion, reproduction, respiration/circulation Cells do not have cell walls, they have lysosomes and centrioles, etc

Protostomes vs. Deuterostomes List the animal phyla that are Protostomes and that are Deuterostomes

Protostomes vs. Deuterostomes List the animal phyla that are Protostomes and that are Deuterostomes Protostomes—Roundworms, Annelids, Mollusks, Arthropods Deuterostomes—Echinoderms, Chordates

Acoelomates, Deuterocoelomates, and Coelomates List the animal phyla that are Acoelomates, Deuterocoelomates, and Coelomates

Acoelomates, Deuterocoelomates, and Coelomates List the animal phyla that are Acoelomates, Deuterocoelomates, and Coelomates Acoelomates—Sponges, Cnidarians, Flatworms Deuterocoelomates—Roundworms Coelomates—Annelids, Mollusks, Arthropods, Echinoderms, Chordates

Symmetry List the animal phyla that show Radial Symmetry and those that show Bilateral Symmetry

Symmetry List the animal phyla that show Radial Symmetry and those that show Bilateral Symmetry Radial Symmetry—Cnidarians, Echinoderms (during adult phase, 5-part symmetry) Bilateral Symmetry—Flatworms, Roundworms, Annelids, Mollusks, Arthropods, Echinoderms (during larval stage), Chordates

Symmetry Draw a bilaterally symmetrical animal and label the anterior, posterior, dorsal, and ventral sides as well as the axis of symmetry

Symmetry Draw a bilaterally symmetrical organism and label the anterior, posterior, dorsal, and ventral sides as well as the axis of symmetry

Skeletons Which phyla have exoskeletons? Endoskeletons?

Skeletons Which phyla have exoskeletons? Endoskeletons? Exoskeleton—Arthropods (chitin), some Mollusks (calcium carbonate) Endoskeleton—Echinoderms (calcium carbonate), Chordates (bone/cartilage), Sponges (spicules)

Skeletons What kind of skeleton does a worm or a cnidarian use? What provides the structural support?

Skeletons What kind of skeleton does a worm or a cnidarian use? What provides the structural support? Hydrostatic skeleton Water pressure

Circulation Name three types of circulatory systems and describe them.

Circulation Name three types of circulatory systems and describe them. Open Circulatory System—blood is pumped througout body, not fully contained by blood vessels Closed Circulatory System—blood is continuously kept within blood vessels Water Vascular System—water is pushed through channels to transport materials throughout body

Germ Layers Name the three types of germ layers, and describe where they are

Germ Layers Name the three types of germ layers, and describe where they are Endoderm—inside lining of digestive tract Ectoderm—outside layer of organism Mesoderm—middle tissue layer, between endoderm and ectoderm

Cephalization Describe cephalization

Cephalization Describe cephalization Sensory organs are concentrated in anterior end of organism

Cephalization List phyla with cephalization

Cephalization List phyla with cephalization Flatworms, Roundworms, Annelids, Some Mollusks, Arthropods, Echinoderms (during larval stage), Chordates

Sponges Identify three defining characteristics of sponges

Sponges Identify three defining characteristics of sponges Asymmetry, sessile, spicules, intracellular digestion, filter feeding, flagella used in water movement

Cnidarians What do cnidarians use cnidocytes for?

Cnidarians What do cnidarians use cnidocytes for? Stinging and paralyzing their prey

Cnidarians Describe the two main stages of a cnidarian life cycle

Cnidarians Describe the two main stages of a cnidarian life cycle Polyp stage and Medusa stage

Mollusks List the four parts of a the body plan in a mollusk

Mollusks List the four parts of a the body plan in a mollusk Foot Mantle Shell Visceral Mass

Arthropods List at least 5 defining characteristics of arthropods

Arthropods List at least 5 defining characteristics of arthropods Bilateral Symmetry Segmented bodies Appendages Exoskeletons made of chitin Open circulatory system Highly developed nervous system Locomotion by muscle contraction Respiration through tracheal tubes or book lungs/gills Molting exoskeleton

Echinoderms What do tube feet do? How do they work?

Echinoderms What do tube feet do? How do they work? Transport, Collecting food, diffusion for gas exchange Water vascular system pushes water into and out of tube feet to produce suction

Chordates List two examples of chordates that are not vertebrates

Chordates List two examples of chordates that are not vertebrates Tunicates and Lancelets

Amphibians List two differences between most larval amphibians and adult amphibians

Amphibians List two differences between most larval amphibians and adult amphibians Gill respiration vs. lungs/diffusion Herbivores vs. Carnivores Development of legs in adults Aquatic vs. Terrestrial

Reptiles List 2 adaptations that allow reptiles to succeed away from water

Reptiles List 2 adaptations that allow reptiles to succeed away from water Amniotic Egg Scales Excretory system that conserves water, converts ammonia to uric acid Developed lungs with more surface area (helps with being terrestrial) Stronger legs, more underneath their bodies

Birds Name three adaptations allow birds to fly

Birds Name three adaptations allow birds to fly Hollow bones Strong chest muscles/enlarged sternum Wings/Contour feathers Efficient lungs to allow for constant oxygen intake (enables high metabolism) Four-chambered heart and two-loop circulatory system

Mammals List three distinguishing features of mammals

Mammals List three distinguishing features of mammals Mammary glands Hair Endothermy Large cerebrum and cerebellum Four chambered heart Most produce live young Most are tetrapods Care well for young

Temperature Regulation List vertebrate classes that are ectothermic and endothermic

Temperature Regulation List vertebrate classes that are ectothermic and endothermic Ectothermic—Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles Endothermic—Birds, Mammals

Temperature Regulation List an advantage and a disadvantage of being endothermic

Temperature Regulation List an advantage and a disadvantage of being endothermic Advantages—can survive in cold temperatures *have built-in cooling or heat conservation mechanisms as well (sweating, panting, hair, feathers, subcutaneous fat) Disadvantages—high metabolism requires a lot of energy

Respiration List vertebrate classes that use gills for respiration

Respiration List vertebrate classes that use gills for respiration All fish, most amphibians

Eggs List an animal that is oviparous, one that is ovoviviparous, and one that is viviparous

Eggs List an animal that is oviparous, one that is ovoviviparous, and one that is viviparous Oviparous—Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, very few Mammals Ovoviviparous—Some Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles Viviparous—Most mammals, some Fish and Reptiles

Circulation Describe the organization of the heart for each of the following: fish, amphibian, reptile, bird, mammal

Circulation Describe the organization of the heart for each of the following: fish, amphibian, reptile, bird, mammal Fish—Two chambers (one atrium, one ventricle) Amphibian—Three chambers (two atria, one ventricle) Reptile—Most have three chambers (two atria, one ventricle with partial separation by septum) Bird and Mammal—Four chambers (two atria, two ventricles)