What does this cartoon tell us about the attitudes of Americans and American foreign policy at the end of the 19th century?

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Presentation transcript:

What does this cartoon tell us about the attitudes of Americans and American foreign policy at the end of the 19th century?

Spanish American War

Cuba Cuba was a Spanish colony in the midst of a war for independence Only 90 miles South of Florida

Cuban Rebellion 1/3 of Cubans were slaves until 1886 when Spain abolished slavery 1868 rebels declared independence Collapsed in 1878 No support Jose Marti Exiled leader who fled to New York City Pulled together Cubans living in the U.S. Launched new rebellion in 1895 Seized eastern Cuba Republic of Cuba

Americans Support the Cubans President Cleveland Remained neutral American public Supported rebels Some began smuggling guns from FL to the rebels Why support? American had become increasingly tied to Cuba economically Received much sugar from Cuba

Yellow Journalism The New York Journal The New York World William Randolph Hearst Reported stories of Spanish feeding Cubans to sharks and dogs Yellow Journalism: sensational and exaggerated, even made up, stories to attract readers Joseph Pulitzer “blood on the road, blood in the fields, blood on the doorsteps, blood, blood, blood!” Some stories were true; but most headlines were created to sell papers

Spain’s Control Valeriano Weyler General sent to serve as governor Nicknamed “el carnicero” (the butcher) “reconcentration camps” Cuban civilians Tens of thousands died

The U.S. Becomes Involved Pres. McKinley Hoping to avoid war; negociated with Spain September 1897 Weyler was removed End reconcentration camps Limited government Must remain colony Spanish loyalists Outraged over power given to Cubans McKinley sends in the USS Maine to protect Americans in Cuba

De Lome Letter Enrique Dupuy de Lome Ambassador de Lome resigned, but… Spanish ambassador to the U.S. The New York Journal ran his private letter insulting McKinley “weak and a bidder for the admiration of the crowd” Ambassador de Lome resigned, but…

USS Maine Explodes! USS Maine Explodes in Havana harbor; Feb. 15, 1898 266 American sailors die Most point the finger at the Spanish Congress unanimously approves $50 million for war preparations

Jingoism Aggressive nationalism Within the Republican party “Remember the Maine!” Theodore Roosevelt said that McKinley had “not more backbone than a chocolate éclair”

Finally War April 11, 1898 McKinley asks Congress to authorize use of force in Cuba Congress declares Cuba independent Spain declares war on the U.S.

A War on Two Fronts Philippines Commodore George Dewey given command Opens fire and destroys entire Spanish fleet Filipinos also wanted freedom Emilio Aguinaldo

Rough Riders Forces that landed in Cuba Rough Riders Volunteer cavalry Leonard Wood and Theodore Roosevelt TR resigned as assistant to the sec. of the navy to fight Mix of cowboys, miners, and law officers

San Juan Hill July 1, 1898 Americans attacked San Juan Heights Series of hills overlooking the main road in Santiago Rough Riders, who were on foot not horseback, seized Kettle Hill and then San Juan Hill

Spanish Response Spanish commander in Santiago order the entire fleet to flee American squadron blocked exit and attacked Sank every Spanish vessel August, 12, 1898 Cease fire agreement between Spain and the United States The entire war only lasted April to August