Cold War Domain 4 Part IV

Red Dot Black Dot KEEP YOUR DOT YOUR HIDDEN!!!! Get up and move around – talk to the people around you, build small-medium-large groups Your objective: have as big a group as you can have with ONLY black dots If you are a red dot, get into as big a group of black dots as you can without them knowing what color you are

Opener Following WWII what was America afraid of? What was America trying to “contain”? List things that you already know about the Cold War.

Competition with USSR The Cold War We built an atomic bomb Then they built one of their own Harry S. Truman used the United Nations (UN) to gain allies and trade partnerships Joseph Stalin would do the same US wanted to rebuild European governments and put Germany together USSR wanted to control Eastern Europe (buffer) and divide East & West Germany US created their first peacetime alliance (NATO) for military support between US and 11 Western European nations USSR created their own alliance set as well (Warsaw Pact) 20

USA vs USSR

NATO vs Warsaw Pact 20

Duck and Cover Drill -How will ducking under a desk help and protect you from an atomic bomb?

McCarthyism Senator Joseph McCarthy (Wisconsin) brought the issue of anti-communism to America’s front pages and living rooms Stirs up a whirlwind fever – claiming to have a list of 57 (no 81, no 205!) communists working in the US State Department Accused Democrats of being soft on communism 20b

How was McCarthyism similar to the Salem Witch Trials? 20b

20b

Truman Integrates the Military In 1948 ordered integration of armed forces and an end of discrimination in government hiring practices Could this kind of move cost Harry Truman his hopes of reelection in 1948? 20a

Truman Doctrine US financial aid would help to contain communism where it was and prevent it from spreading to democracies the US supported. 20a

20a

Marshall Plan Named after Secretary of State George Marshall 16 countries – four years - $13 billion in aid Chaotic Western European nations needed reconstruction Economic aid given to western Europe after WWII to help rebuild. Combat the spread of communism 20a

20a

20a

Korea Chinese Civil War 20b When 1927-1949 Who Chiang Kai-Shek (Nationalist) Mao Zedong (Communist) Who won/Outcome China becomes communist President Truman What did the US do? Nothing When 1950-1953 Who North Korea South Korea Who won/Outcome No one. Stalemate 38th parallel President Truman and Eisenhower What did the US do? Supported South Korea 20b

Vietnam Cuba 20c,d When 1962 Who Cuba Soviet Union US What Soviet missiles in Cuba aimed at America Communist take over in Cuba (Fidel Castro) What did US do? Invaded Cuba (Bay of Pigs). Failed CIA operations. US trained Cuban exiles Who won/Outcome Ended with a cease fire and nuclear weapons ban by USSR and US Cuba became Communist When 1955-1975 Who North Vietnam (Vietcong) South Vietnam United States Who Won/Outcome North Vietnam Many Americans died or Pulled-out of the war People in America started to hate the war and protest Anti- Vietnam war President Eisenhower Kennedy Johnson Nixon What did the US do? Helped out South Vietnam 20c,d

“Losing” China China was in a civil war in the 1940s (US supported) Nationalists vs. Communists Mao Zedong gathered support among Chinese rural peasants to take control of communist China America is not willing to go to a military solution over China – they’re too big and the USSR might get involved Is China a communist country today? 20b

20b

Korean War In 1950, communist North Korean forces flooded over the 38th parallel into democratic South Korea (whom the US was supposed to protect) The war ended in a stalemate – as the 38th parallel remained the border 54,000 Americans died in Korea America spent $67 billion What are America’s gains and losses from the Korean war? 20b

Korean War 20b

20b

the Cuban Revolution 1956 Fidel Castro led communist revolution for control over Cuba, promising an end to inequality, poverty and dictatorship Relations with the US got worse, but JFK’s new foreign policy when something didn’t go our way was “flexible response” 20c

The Bay of Pigs invasion The CIA trained over 1,000 Cuban exiles to lead invasion of Cuban Bay of Pigs that would lead to overthrow of Castro’s government Nothing went as planned and the US army-led invasion was a giant embarrassment and failure The US had to pay $53 million in supplies for the release of the captured forces Cuba turned to the Soviet Union for more “communist big brother” support 20c

Bay of Pigs 20c

the Cuban missile crisis 1962 October 14: US planes take photos of Soviet missiles in Cuba – placed there by the USSR to keep America out in the future October 22: Kennedy informs America of danger in Cuba, intent to limit buildup October 24: Kennedy starts naval blockade of Cuba October 25: Soviet Union ships stopped at blockade October 28: Khrushchev (USSR) vows to pull missiles out of Cuba to avoid bigger conflict US had to take missiles out of Turkey as well 20c

20c

describing the Vietnam War 1953: Eisenhower explains DOMINO THEORY and how US cannot let another nation fall to communism Vietcong will resist US within South Vietnam JFK, afraid to be labeled “soft” on communism, continues US involvement in Vietnam After USS Maddox fired upon, Congress passes Tonkin Gulf Resolution gives wide war-power to LBJ 20d

Vietnam War 20d

Vietnam War 20d

U.S. Troop levels escalate… 1963: 16,000 (JFK) 1964: 50,000 (LBJ) 1965: 180,000 (LBJ) 1966: 385,000 (LBJ) 1967: 500,000 (LBJ) 1968: 542,000 (LBJ) 1969: 480,000 (Nixon) 1970: 225,000 (Nixon) 1971: 160,000 (Nixon) 1972: 10,000 (Nixon) 20d

A Difficult War to fight Elusive/Unclear/Determined Enemy Vietcong were fighting a hundred-year-old war for their survival Impossible Terrain jungles, heat, bugs, rain, traps, hiding Vietcong 3.5 million landmines still in Vietnam today Guerilla Warfare War of Attrition Chemical Warfare Sinking Troop Morale 20d

the Tet offensive TET OFFENSIVE – January 1968 Tet holiday ceasefire (Vietnamese New Year) Vietcong ignore ceasefire and attack 100 towns Vietcong lose 32,000 (ARVN/US lose 3,000), - before Tet: 28% doves, 56% hawks - after Tet: 40% doves, 40% hawks 20d

The “Living room war” 20d

growing opposition to the war Most soldiers DRAFTED African American Soldiers 10% of forces, 20% of death toll (??) 20d

growing opposition to the war Kent State Shooting growing opposition to the war The New Left (protest leadership) SDS & FSM student groups rage against “the machine” seek to increase youth voice in government Kent State & Jackson State Violence erupts, people die 20d

growing opposition to the war Opposition turns to protest and resistance DOVES vs. HAWKS protesters were unpopular (70% believed it was un-American to protest war) 20d