From Korean War to Vietnam War Cold War (1953 – 1964) From Korean War to Vietnam War

Eisenhower’s Cold War Foreign Policy

Eisenhower and the Cold War 1953-1959 Sec. of State John F. Dulles Containment: ineffective “Rollback” Soviet presence in E. Europe “Liberate captive people” “Massive retaliation” “Brinkmanship”

Eisenhower Foreign Policy Massive Retaliation Focus military spending on nukes and air power Instill fear by promising massive reaction Brinkmanship – go to the brink of war to preserve peace “In any fight…it’s the man who is willing to die that will win” MAD Mutual Assured Destruction US/Soviets should not use nukes, because they will simply destroy one another Starts under Eisenhower ICBM Inter-Continental Ballistic Missile First-Strike capability Must be able to strike quickly, and before your enemy

Nuclear Arms Race

Cold War in Asia French Indochina wins freedom Vietnam is split at 17th parallel ‘55-’61 U.S. gives $1bil. in aid to S.V. Domino Theory – if S.V. falls the rest of Asia may too SEATO – Southeast Asia Treaty Organization US, GB, Fr, NZ, Phil., Thail, Pak all agree to defend region

Eisenhower’s Policies Hungarian Revolt (1956): condemns it, but no interference – U.S. does not support those fighting communism Suez Crisis: Nasser takes over Suez Canal to raise $ for dam project; Br., Fr. & Israel take military action US condemns & pressures Br. & Fr. Soviet strengthens position here Eisenhower Doctrine: support M.E. nations threatened by Communism

Eisenhower Doctrine - 1957 Aid to ME Countries threatened by armed aggression Specifically mentions threats from Communist nations

Sputnik 1957 – Soviets launch a satellite into space YouTube - Sputnik, 1st Space Satellite Launched by Soviets 1957/10/7 U.S. fearful they have fallen behind in tech and U.S. pours $ into science, math and tech A dog in space YouTube - Laika

U-2 Pilot Gary Powers

The U-2 Incident – 5/1/60 U-2 Spy plane is shot down over Soviet Union Gary Powers is captured spying on bases Eisenhower refuses to apologize, hurts relationship with Soviets

The Berlin Wall 8/13/61 - 1989

Citizens Fleeing Communism

Cuba and the Cold War

The Bay of Pigs Invasion April 17,1961 JFK new in office CIA to train Cuban exiles and set off uprising 2 days, massive failure No uprising follows Exiles are crushed Kennedy is embarrassed No longer trusts military advisers

Cuban Missile Crisis October 16, 1962

Cuban Missile Crisis Castro is fearful of US Allies with Soviets Plans for Soviet nuclear bases on Cuba 10/16/1962 – US discovers the bases YouTube - Kennedy addresses the nation on the Cuban Missile Crisis YouTube - On the Brink of Destruction: The Cuban Missile Crisis

The Basics YouTube - Trailer Thirteen-Days Soviets put nukes in Cuba US wants them out Soviets claim they are defensive US blockades Cuba, daring Soviets to send ships through Peace Soviets remove missiles US removes missiles from Turkey US will leave Castro alone

JFK and the Cold War Kennedy’s “Flexible Response” Cold War in Asia To fight communism in Africa, Asia, SE Asia the U.S. needs: Smaller, mobile military forces Ex. Green Berets Cold War in Asia French Indochina wins freedom Vietnam is split at 17th parallel ‘55-’61 U.S. gives $1bil. in aid to S.V. Domino Theory – if S.V. falls the rest of Asia may too SEATO – Southeast Asia Treaty Organization US, GB, Fr, NZ, Phil., Thail, Pak all agree to defend region

Cold War and the Effects on Public

YouTube - Do It Yourself Fallout Shelter Duck and Cover