in Eastern Europe and Middle Asia Patterns and Dynamics of the Egg Industry in Eastern Europe and Middle Asia Paper presented at the IEC Business Conference Warsaw, April 5th, 2016 Session: Egg Processing Prof. Dr. Hans-Wilhelm Windhorst IEC Statistical Analyst

Agenda The political and economic transformation process The role of the Eastern European and Middle Asian egg industry in the global egg industry The dynamics of the laying hen inventories and the egg industry in Eastern Europe and Middle Asia The current status of housing systems for laying hens in Eastern Europe and Middle Asia Patterns of egg trade

The role of Eastern and Middle Asian countries 1. The role of Eastern and Middle Asian countries in the global egg industry

The development of the laying hen inventory in Eastern Europe and Middle Asia between 1993 and 2013; data in 1,000 hens Region 1993 2003 2013 Increase (%) Eastern Europe 389,685 378,029 519,917 36.5 Middle Asia 46,375 37,667 71,442 54.1 Total 427,116 415,696 591,359 38.4 FAO

The development of egg production in Eastern Europe and Middle Asia between 1993 and 2013; data in 1,000 t Region 1993 2003 2013 Increase (%) Eastern Europe 4,336 4,330 5,033 16.1 Middle Asia 388 360 700 80.0 Total 4,724 4,690 5,733 21.4 FAO

The changing contribution of Eastern European and Middle Asia countries to global egg production Between 1993 and 2013; data in % Region 1993 2003 2013 Eastern Europe 10.0 8.0 7.4 Middle Asia 1.0 0.7 Total 11.0 8.7 8.4

The development of the laying hen inventory and of egg production 2. The development of the laying hen inventory and of egg production in Eastern Europe and Middle Asia

The development of the laying hen inventory in selected Eastern European countries between 1993 and 2013 FAO

The changing contribution of selected Eastern European countries to the laying hen inventory between 1993 and 2013 FAO

The development of the laying hen inventory in selected Middle Asian countries between 1993 and 2013 FAO

The changing contribution of Middle Asian countries to the laying hen inventory between 1993 and 2013 FAO

FAO

The development of egg production in selected Eastern European countries between 1993 and 2013 FAO

The changing contribution of Eastern European countries to egg production between 1993 and 2013 FAO

The development of egg production in Middle Asian countries between 1993 and 2013 FAO

The changing contribution of Middle Asian countries to egg production between 1993 and 2013 FAO

The current status of housing systems for laying hens 3. The current status of housing systems for laying hens in Eastern Europe and Middle Asia

Eastern Europe Middle Asia Share of housing systems for laying hens in Eastern Europe and Middle Asia in 2013 Eastern Europe Conventional Cages Enriched Barn Free Range Total Laying hens (1,000) 386,338 56,967 10,240 1,264 454,809 Share (%) 84.9 12.5 2,3 0.3 100.0 Middle Asia 71,442 - 87.0 10.8 1.9 0.2

4. Patterns of egg trade

Self-sufficiency rate Per capita consumption Self-sufficiency rate and per capita consumption of eggs in selected Eastern European countries (2013/2014) Country Year Self-sufficiency rate (%) Per capita consumption (Eggs/year) Belarus 2013 128 304 Poland 2014 122 168 Ukraine 110 309 Latvia 108 212 Russian Fed. 98 269 Moldova 165 Czech Rep. 85 245 Hungary 81 214 MEG 2015; Agricistrade, IEC Annual Review 2015

Egg exports and imports of selected Eastern European countries (2014), data in t Country Export Import Balance Poland 230,000 16,000 + 214,000 Lithuania 12,077 6,476 + 5,601 Latvia 13,781 8,845 + 4,936 Bulgaria 8,114 3,716 + 4,398 Slovakia 10,088 7,351 + 2,737 Hungary 1,600 4,923 - 3,323 Czech Republic 5,633 17,720 - 12,097 Russian Fed. 7,600 55,000 - 47,400 Eastern Europe 297,229 132,995 + 164,234 MEG 2015; IEC Annual Review 2015

Self-sufficiency rate Per capita consumption Self-sufficiency rate and per capita consumption of eggs in selected Middle Asian countries (2013) Country Year Self-sufficiency rate (%) Per capita consumption (Eggs/year) Azerbaijan 2013 97 141 Armenia 96 189 Georgia 95 107 Kazakhstan 92 211 Agricistrade,

Egg exports and imports of Middle Asian countries (2012), data in t Country Export Import Balance Kazakhstan 168 4,087 - 3,919 Azerbaijan 292 3,176 - 2,884 Turkmenistan - 2,023 - 2,023 Kyrgyzstan 10 2,007 - 1,997 Tajikistan 1,695 - 1,695 Uzbekistan 335 Georgia 210 226 16 Armenia 2 27 15 Middle Asia 682 13,576 - 12,894 FAO

5. Results

Eastern European and Middle Asian countries recovered comparatively fast from the political and economic transformation after 1990. Laying hen inventory and egg production in Eastern European countries grew faster than in Europe as a whole; egg production in Middle Asia grew even faster than in Eastern Europe but slower than in Asia. In Eastern European countries which do not belong to the EU and in Middle Asian countries conventional cages are still the dominating housing system. In EU member countries, enriched cages and barn systems are the dominating housing systems. Eastern European countries showed a trade surplus with eggs in 2014 while all Middle Asian countries could not meet the domestic demand and had a negative balance of trade.

I want to thank Mrs. Ursula Welting (Dipl. Geogr I want to thank Mrs. Ursula Welting (Dipl. Geogr.), research associate at the WING for designing and preparing the graphs and maps of this report.

Thank you for your attention! (hwindhorst@wing.uni-vechta.de)