Immigrants – Industry - Improvements Unit 1 – 3 “I’s” Immigrants – Industry - Improvements

The New Immigrants 1890-1910

Through the Golden Door Many escaped difficult conditions such as famine, land shortages, religious and political persecution “Birds of Passage” wanted to immigrate temporarily for money then return home What ethnic group came to Idaho?

Europeans Between 1870-1920, 20 million Europeans arrived in the U.S. Before 1890, most from western and northern Europe From 1890s, increasing numbers from southern and eastern Europe The Hoiby family 1890. They left Norway because they were starving

Reasons for leaving Escape religious persecution Jews were driven out of Russia by pogroms Left because of rising populations 1800-1900 European pop. doubled to 400 mil. Farmland became scarce Farmers competed with labors for scarce industrial jobs Spirit of reform and Revolt spread across Europe during 19th century Young men & women sought independent lives in America The term pogrom as a reference to large-scale, targeted, and repeated anti-Jewish rioting only saw use beginning in the 19th century

Chinese 1851-1883, 300,000 Chinese arrived Seek gold fortunes after 1848 Cal. gold rush Helped build the Nation’s railroads Turned to farming, mining and domestic services Chinese immigration limited by Congressional Act in 1882

Japanese 1884 – Japanese immigration boom begins 1898 annex of Hawaii increases Japanese immigration to West Coast Higher American wages from 30,000 (1907) to 200,000 by 1920 on the West Coast

West Indies & Mexico 1880-1920, 260,000 immigrants from the West Indies: Jamaica, Cuba, Puerto Rico & others Left homelands due to scarce jobs & promise of work in US from industrial boom Mexicans came north for work and to escape political turmoil 1902 National Reclamation Act created new farmland and drew Mexican workers Political and social upheaval in Mexico 1910 started, 700,000 Mexicans immigrate over the next 20 years (7% of the population)

Life in the New Land A difficult journey, usually by steamship From Europe 1 week, Asia 3 weeks Three classes of passenger 3rd class traveled in cheap accommodations (cargo holds) Rarely allowed on deck, crowded Louse infected bunks, shared toilets Disease spread quick

Ellis Island Inspection station in New York Harbor is where European immigrants had to pass inspections About 20% of the immigrants were detained for a day or more before inspection Only about 2% of those were denied entry

Processing Physical examination by a doctor Government inspector Those with serious health problems, or contagious diseases were sent home Government inspector Checked documents and questioned immigrant on whether they met legal requirements: Proof never convicted of a felony, demonstrate ability to work, and had some money 1892-1924 it was the chief immigration station, processing nearly 17 million immigrants

Angel Island Inspection station in San Francisco Process Asian Immigrants (primarily Chinese) 50,000 Chinese were processed between 1910-1940 Immigrants endured harsh questioning and long detentions in ramshackle facilities More restrictive than Ellis Island

Hyphenated Americans Committed to own cultures while growing into new identities Friction with people born in America – viewed immigrants as a threat to the American way of life

Cooperation for Survival Challenges Finding a place to live Getting a job Trying to understand unfamiliar languages and cultures Life Rafts – immigrants congregating with people who shared same cultural values, religions, and languages People pooled money to build churches or synagogues Formed social clubs and aid societies Founded orphanages and old people’s homes Published newspapers in their own languages

Learning Outcomes The “new immigrants” were those who arrived in the U.S. between 1890-1910. They were mainly from Eastern and Southern European countries (Italy, Austria-Hungary, and Russia). Angel Island on the West coast was the main entry for Asian immigrants. Ellis Island on the East coast was the main port of entry for the European immigrants U.S. efforts to limit immigration was done through immigration quotas

Daily assignment Work on the vocab DBQ’s Document Project 18.1,18.2,18.3 Interpret the Evidence Put it in context Document Project 582-589, Interpret the Evidence #1-5 Put it in context