Push factors versus pull factors

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Presentation transcript:

Push factors versus pull factors Forced military service, rigid social/economic systems, religious persecution, famine Lots of available jobs in the USA, democracy, fluid social/economic structures Why did immigrants leave their homes to move to the USA?

1900: ½ of immigrants were from Europe Atlantic Voyage Steerage: cheapest option on bottom of the boat Ellis Island in New York City Moved into ethnic neighborhoods Why did immigrants leave their homes to move to the USA?

Asian immigrants China Mid-1800s: overpopulated, underemployed, severe famine Gold rush in California Taping Rebellion left 20+ million dead Jobs on the transcontinental railroad Japan Industrialization disrupted economy and left many unemployed Angel Island in San Francisco Why did immigrants leave their homes to move to the USA?

Nativism: native-born people & limiting immigration Fear of losing dominant religion Fear of cheapening American labor Government policies to limit immigration Bans on convicts, poor, and disabled 50 cent tax per immigrant Chinese Exclusion Act How were immigrants treated when they arrived in the USA?

Urban population tripled between 1870-1900 Reasons to live in cities Cheaper, more jobs, better standard of living, and entertainment How did growing populations impact cities?

Growth of the modern city Shortage of land Build up, not out = skyscrapers Mass transit Horsecars, cable cars, subways Lack of infrastructure Improper sewage and waste disposal Increase in crime More fires How did growing populations impact cities?

Built huge structures in inner cities Middle class Upper class Built huge structures in inner cities Middle class Moved away from city centers to suburbs Working class 3 out of 4 lived in tenement apartments How did economic classes affect cities?

Working Americans had free time for the first time Art and literature Realism: Everyday, common values Saloons served as political centers Amusement parks—Coney Island Sports Boxing, baseball, and football Vaudeville theater with dancers, animals, acrobats What kind of entertainment was available in cities?