America at the Turn of the Century

Cattle Trails/ Black Cowboys 1. What is the role of the cattle trails in the late 19th century? the transporting cows (beef) to the railroads because the demand was so high in markets in the Eastern part of the U.S.; cattle would be loaded into railroad cars and transported East

2. What was the Chisholm Trail 2. What was the Chisholm Trail? trail that led cattle from Texas to railheads in Kansas to railroads that led eastward; lasted 20 years 3. What was the Great Western Cattle Trail? trail that took a more westerly route from Texas to Nebraska and Northern Territories; was main route for cattle heading to Northern markets

4. Why did the cattle trails end 4. Why did the cattle trails end? the invention of barbed wire; growth of railroads; not enough grass to feed the cattle because of overcrowded ranges; they only lasted about 20 years 5. Who were the Black Cowboys of Texas? cowhands who were treated much better on the range than anywhere else (especially during this period); proved their value on the ranch; showed their skills in local rodeos by riding bulls and bucking broncos

6. What role did Nat Love and other African Americans have in the Cattle Drives? a famous African American who was a cowhand on the cattle drives; being a cowhand bought a new found freedom to African Americans 7. What was life like as a cowhand? They slept on the ground wrapped in blankets, had to make sure to keep a watchful eye on cattle at all time.

8. Why was life on the Great Plains so difficult 8. Why was life on the Great Plains so difficult? harsh climate, winters were bitterly cold, violent storms in the spring, tornadoes, floods, prairie fires, and hailstorms; settlers also had very little rainfall and wood was scarce so they lived in sod houses.

People Who Impacted American Life 9. Describe Alexander Graham Bell’s contribution to American life in communication. made communication easier and quicker especially for those in office buildings or hundreds of miles away.

10. Describe the Wright Brothers contribution to American life in flight. made the first successful airplane flight in 1903 at Kitty Hawk, N.C; helped in the industry of flight 11. Describe Thomas Edison’s contribution to American life in Electricity. invented the lightbulb; allowed factories to stay open after dark with the use of electricity

12. Describe George Washington Carver’s contribution to American life in Science. African American scientist that made an enormous impact on American life through agriculture; created more than 300 products from peanuts and sweet potatoes; taught farmers to plant crops each year to help put nutrients back into the soil.

Spanish-American War 13. What was the Spanish-American War? a war between Spain and the (United States in a fight for Cuba’s freedom from Spain; war declared by William McKinley

14. What was the cause of the Spanish-American War. A 14. What was the cause of the Spanish-American War? A. Protection of American business interests in Cuba B. American support of Cuban rebels to gain independence from Spain C. Rising tensions between Spain and the U.S.A as a result of the sinking of the USS Maine in Havana Harbor D. Exaggerated news reports of events (yellow journalism)

15. Explain the importance of Theodore Roosevelt during the Spanish-American War. supported imperialism ( colonies build strong empires by adding colonies); quit job and helped fight with group of called Rough Riders; Buffalo Soldiers (African American Soldiers) also helped; U.S.A won Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and Guam and Spain granted Cuba its freedom; later became President; U.S.A emerged as World Power after this war

16. What was the Result of the Spanish American War (Treaty of Paris) 16. What was the Result of the Spanish American War (Treaty of Paris)? A. The United States emerged as a world power B. Cuba gained independence from Spain C. The United States gained possession of the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico under the treaty (Treaty of Paris).

17. Explain the importance of William McKinley during the Spanish-American War. was the President who declared war on Spain which started the Spanish-American War; America was involved because American business had money invested in Cuban sugar; American newspapers also exaggerated stories about Spanish treatment of Cuban people (yellow journalism)

Panama Canal 18. What is the Panama Canal? Describe the importance of the Panama Canal. A canal linking and Atlantic and Pacific oceans; would save ships, the long expensive trip around the southern tip of the east coast to the west coast; narrow strip of land in Central America; Theodore Roosevelt was President at this time; believed That it could help America’s military and economic interest

19. How did the United States get the land to build the Panama Canal 19. How did the United States get the land to build the Panama Canal? they helped the country of Panama win its independence from Columbia and the new leaders allowed the U.S.A to build the Panama Canal; took 10 years

20. How did President Roosevelt defend his reason for getting aggressive with Latin America? Written in 1823; warned Europe to stay out of the Americas; if Europe did so, the United Sates would consider it an act of aggression and intervene

21. What was the importance of the Roosevelt Corollary 21. What was the importance of the Roosevelt Corollary? It added to the Monroe Doctrine; Its points were: A. asserted the United States right to interfere I the economic matters of other nations in the Americas B. claimed the United States’ right to exercise international police power C. advocate “Big Stick” diplomacy (e.g., building the Panama Canal)

22. What is the Big Stick Policy? When a country states it interest calmly and clearly, but backs it up with the warning of military action; President Roosevelt badly wanted to build a canal through Central America, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, and then to control the canal; he used the big stick policy to get it.

23. Describe how trade and voluntary exchange change between countries changed after the building of the Panama Canal. Once the canal was built, the United States had clear access to world trade; opened up trade (voluntary exchange) in the Atlantic for trade around the world; 24. What is voluntary exchange? process of willingly trading one valuable commodity for another; trade with other countries

Immigrants at the Turn of Century 25. Why did immigrants move to the United States in the late 1800s and early 1900s? A. escape from cruel and unfair governments B. hope for better jobs and opportunities C. religious freedom D. adventure

26. Where did immigrants who immigrated from their countries go in the United States? A. Irish and Italians in New York City or Boston, Massachusetts B. Germans in Cincinnati, Ohio and Milwaukee, Wisconsin C. Polish in Chicago, Illinois or Cleveland, Ohio 27. Explain immigration stations. Ellis Island on the East Coast (New York City) and Angel Island on the West Coast (San Francisco) was where immigrants went first; they were checked out by doctors to be sure they didn’t have any diseases

Population, Transportation, and Resources 28. What were the agricultural and industrial locations during the late 19th and turn of the 20th century? A. Pittsburg, Pennsylvania was on a major railroad; big industrialized city known for its steel; “Steel City” B. Chicago, Illinois - quickly grew because of it location near transpiration routes, natural resources, the Great Lakes