Injury Prevention & Safety Are you prepared for an emergency???

Victim Assessment Tap or jar the victim and ask, “Are you ok?” Position the victim face up Clear the Airway Check for Breathing Check for Circulation

Victim Assessment Check for Breathing Open the airway Push on forehead and lift chin Look at the chest rise and fall Listen for breathing Feel for breathing with your cheek

Respiratory Emergencies: Choking Obstructed airway Universal Distress Signal Clutch the throat with both hands

Respiratory Emergencies: Choking If coughing encourage them to cough Heimlich Maneuver Abdominal Thrusts inward and upward thrusts in the abdomen

Respiratory Emergencies: CPR Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation Restores breathing and circulation (heartbeat) Causes include: Suffocation, drowning, and electrical shock Consists of Compressions and Breaths

Respiratory Emergencies: Rescue Breathing Breathing air into an unconscious person who is not breathing. Also called Artificial Respiration Adults—1 breath every 5 seconds (20 per minute)

Respiratory Emergencies: Rescue Breathing Technique: Tilt the head and check for breathing and circulation Pinch nose and breath deep breaths into the unconscious person Continue for 1 minute and then assess the victim again

Poisoning Poisons are substances that can cause illness or death when they enter the body Examples: Fertilizer, pesticide, some plants, cleaning supplies Signs of poisoning include: Sweating Abdominal pain Nausea and vomiting Chest pain Difficulty breathing Seizures Skin rash or burns Unconsciousness

Poisoning Inhaled, Ingested, Touched Check A, B, C’s Call Poison Control Wash infected area Save container or poison to help identifying remedy

Shock Shock is a dangerous reduction in blood flow Results from an injury or illness Life-threatening emergency Symptoms include: Bluish lips or fingernails Chest pain Cool, clammy skin Pale Confusion Dizziness, faintness, weakness Sweating Shallow breathing Unconsciousness

Shock: Treatment Call 9-1-1 or Emergency Services Check A, B, C’s Lie the person down and elevate feet (improves circulation) Treat any additional injuries Loosen tight clothing Keep person warm (improves circulation) Do not give them food or water

Fractures Break in a bone Open Fracture - Closed Fracture – Bone sticks through skin Closed Fracture – Skin is not broken

Fractures: Treatments If open—apply pressure to the wound. Keep the person still. DO NOT move them if you suspect a neck or back injury. Apply ice to injured area. If you must move them, apply a splint to the injured area.

Bleeding A wound that breaks a layer of skin (blood) Types: Abrasion – scrape of skin Puncture – do not bleed a lot but become easily infected Caused by tacks or pins Laceration/Incision – deep cuts that bleed freely Examples: knives or something jagged Infected wounds occur when wounds are not cleaned properly Red, swollen, warm, throbbing sensation, painful

Bleeding: Treatments Elevate the wound above the heart Place a clean cloth over the wound and apply pressure. Do not remove cloth when it is blood-soaked, add additional cloths over it When bleeding slows, cover it with sterile bandage If it does not stop, apply pressure points

Bleeding: Treatments Direct pressure and elevation to a wound Direct pressure, elevation, and pressure points

Burns: First and Second Degree First Degree Burn Affects top layer of skin Red, painful, swollen Ex: sunburn Treatment Soak in cool water Cover loosely Second Degree Burn Affects top two layers of skin Red, painful, swollen, and blistered Treatment Soak in cool water Apply cool compresses Cover lightly with gauze

Burns: Third Degree Third Degree Burn affects all layers of skin White, charred, or black and brown Damages nerves Treatment Contact EMS Move from heat source DO NOT remove clothing Monitor A, B, C’s Cover with moist bandage