Class Name, Instructor Name Lasley & Guskos, Criminal Investigation: An Illustrated Case Study Approach 1ed Chapter 13 BURGLARY SCENES Class Name, Instructor Name Date, Semester

CHAPTER OBJECTIVES Summarize the trends and elements of burglary Be familiar with the various typologies of persons committing burglaries Describe the types of burglaries and types of burglars Describe how burglary investigations are conducted Describe the illegal markets used to distribute and sell stolen property

Summarize the trends and elements of burglary Learning Objectives After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes Summarize the trends and elements of burglary

Burglary Definition Burglary is proven when available evidence can demonstrate that the following elements have been met: Breaking Entering Dwelling of another Intent to commit a crime

Breaking and Entering

Describe the types of burglaries and types of burglars Learning Objectives After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes Describe the types of burglaries and types of burglars

Residential Burglary— 70% of all burglaries Happened during late morning and early afternoon Various types of residences Victims often cannot provide information about a suspect No eyewitnesses to the crime in most cases Little or no physical evidence Crime of opportunity Empty homes are a #1 target #2 target are those homes containing valuables

Describe how burglary investigations are conducted Learning Objectives After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes Describe how burglary investigations are conducted

First Response to Burglary Scene Observation of exterior breakage to doors and/or windows Missing items in the home Officer should be aware of persons/vehicles surrounding the area on approach 2 or more officers should respond ideally

Exterior Breakage to Window

Preliminary Burglar Investigation Focus Point of entry Point of exit Items stolen and offender behavior Evidence collection and documentation Modus operandi and signature Potential suspect profile/leads Preventative victim education

Items Stolen

Burglary Walk-through Extra-burglar factors Behaviors unrelated to the taking of property Point of Entry Smash and grab Door, window Use of screwdriver or tool Point of exit Door or window left open in many cases No force in most cases

Items stolen and offender behavior Stolen property list completed Sequential search Detailed search of evidence involving moving items Offenders movements vary based on sophistication Search handled like other crime scenes Photograph evidence

Nonresidential Burglaries—30% of burglaries Commercial- 2nd degree burglary, occur at night, 12 AM to 4 AM popular time, weekends, holidays. Frontmen, wheelmen, and spotters are used for more sophisticated burglaries Safe, ATM, Machine Burglaries- safe burglaries are punched, pulled, peeled, ripped, drilled, burned, blasted, or carried. ATM are carried by 2 or more persons. Other machines often have cut locks. Vehicle- smashing out windows with rocks, tools, or other hard objects, cars most common, many amateur juveniles are offenders, RV burglaries

Learning Objectives After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes Be familiar with the various typologies of persons committing burglaries

Burglar Typologies Professional: make their living doing this Semiprofessional: Make a living but not as skilled and successful as professionals Young amateur: Late teens to early 20s, associated with semi or professional Juvenile amateur: 16 or younger, commit after school or holidays Addicted amateur: Alcohol/drug dependent, least sophisticated

Burglar Typologies

Learning Objectives After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes Describe the illegal markets used to distribute and sell stolen property

Marketing stolen property—fence Level 1: often owner of a pawnshop, jewelry store, or legitimate business Level 2: buy from level 1, operate more as wholesalers of stolen goods Level 3: distributors of goods acquired from level 2

Marketing stolen property—illegal markets Business owners are approached by fences who supply stolen goods for resale Commercial fence supplies Fences operate seemingly legitimate businesses as a front to sell stolen goods to unaware consumers Commercial sales Fences sell stolen good directly from their residences Residential fence supplies

Marketing stolen property—illegal markets Products are passed through a network of individuals Network Selling Burglars sell stolen property directly without a fence or middleman Hawking Stolen goods are sold through the internet E-fencing

Investigative tactics for selling stolen property The stolen goods were received and controlled by the person(s); The illegal merchandise was stolen at the time it was received by the person(s), and; The person(s) knew at the time they received the property that it was stolen.

Known Stolen Goods

Investigative tactics for receiving stolen property Property is sold for prices far below fair market value. Serial numbers on products have been removed, changed, or scratched out. Original paperwork, instructions, or owner’s manuals are missing. The item is repackaged, repainted, or otherwise altered from its original appearance.

Burglary Preventative Measures Increase burglar’s efforts Target hardening Access control Control facilitators Increase burglar’s risks Improve natural guardianship Improve security system Reduce burglar’s rewards Remove inducements Reduce the value

CHAPTER SUMMARY The offense of burglary, according to most state laws, is proven when available evidence can demonstrate that the following elements have been met: (1) breaking or opening of an inhabited location intended to remain closed from intrusion to preserve privacy or security, and 2) entering a physical area or space of a another person’s dwelling with the intent to commit any felony (grand theft, in most cases). There are five typologies of burglars: (1) the professional burglar, recognized by a well-planned breaking, surreptitious entry, and the theft of large-value items; (2) the semiprofessional burglar, an older offender conducting less well-planned burglaries than the professional type, and perhaps known to police; (3) the youthful amateur burglar, who often serves as an apprentice to professional and semiprofessional burglars; (4) the juvenile amateur burglar, usually under the age of 16, who targets households in his or her own neighborhood; and (5) the addicted amateur burglar, who performs crude break-ins to steal property to buy drugs or alcohol to support an addiction.

CHAPTER SUMMARY Residential burglaries involve either forcible or unlawful entries into homes, apartments, and other personal dwellings. Varieties of nonresidential burglaries are break-ins of commercial establishments, stores, ATM machines, safes, vehicles, banks, and other buildings where money, goods, and valuables are stored. Aggressive entries to homes or businesses characterized by broken glass windows or kicked-in doors are known as smash-and-grab burglaries. Six primary markets are used to sell and distribute stolen property: (1) commercial fence supplies, where a fence buys stolen goods from burglars and sells them to stores and other outlets; (2) commercial sales, where the fence sells stolen goods directly from a retail outlet; (3) residential fence supplies, where the fence sells stolen items from his or her personal residence; (4) network selling, where the fence sell stolen property through a network of friends or associates; (5) hawking, where the burglar sells stolen goods directly without the use of a fence; and 6) e-fencing, where Internet sources such as eBay and Craigslist are used to sell stolen property.