Civil War Today’s LEQ: How did America react to a Civil War?

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Presentation transcript:

Civil War Today’s LEQ: How did America react to a Civil War?

New Technology Both sides anticipated a quick win, but new technology brought a war of attrition – a long, bloody battle where both sides suffered heavy losses

New Technology Bullet – long piece of metal w/ rounded end

New Technology 2. Rifling – spiral groove cut inside gun barrel

New Technology Shell – Exploding cannon ball

New Technology Canister – Shell filled w/ tiny lead balls

New Technology Ironclad Gunboats – steamships w/ iron plating

Challenges Facing Government Leaders While the war raged, leaders in both the Union and the Confederacy faced enormous challenges. Huge, expensive military effort Lots of lives lost on both sides Needed to maintain public support for an increasingly unpopular struggle

Increased Government Power Lincoln needed to keep the border states in the Union; pro-secession mobs attacked a Union regiment as it moved through Baltimore Lincoln suspended the writ of habeas corpus – the right to a trial before imprisonment

Increased Government Power Lacking sufficient volunteers, Lincoln enacted a military draft in 1863. All white men between 20 and 45 were required to report for military duty – triggers draft riots

Increased Government Power To help pay for the war, Lincoln signed the Internal Revenue Act – tax on liquor, tobacco, medicine & paper Now known as the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Created National Currency: Greenbacks

Increased Government Power Lincoln decided that tying the war effort to freeing the slaves made sense On January 1, 1863, Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation – freed all slaves living in states “in rebellion against the U.S.” Slaves living in areas loyal to or under Union control were not affected.

Company C of the 54th MA Regiment 1st African American Regiment Led by Colonel Robert Gould Shaw Most of the regiment was killed during attack on Fort Wagner, SC

Medical Conditions TERRIBLE! Docs did not sterilize equipment! Went days w/out washing equipment! High rates of infection

Medical Conditions Some tried to make changes: Clara Barton – gave first aide to troops & started Red Cross Dorothea Dix – organized Union’s nursing corps

Misconceptions Both sides anticipated a quick, easy win! Some Americans thought that the battles were entertainment. Showed up in their Sunday best with picnics Battle of 1st Bull Run through Battle of Gettysburg (1861-1863)

Move around the room to read about key battles from the Civil War. Battle Activity Move around the room to read about key battles from the Civil War. Record information on your chart.

At First… South had the upper hand Fighting defensive war, fighting to protect way of life, had better officers Won most of the battles in the first year

Turning the Tide Vicksburg & Gettysburg How did the North turn the tide?

War of Attrition Turned into a war of attrition North knew that it could win if it just wore the South down. South didn’t have enough men or supplies.

Appomattox Court House April 9, 1865 Lee & Grant Surrender Appomattox Court House April 9, 1865 Lee & Grant