The Root of the Flowering Plant Anchors Away. Brain pop Introductory Biology by Charles M. Zaremba © 2003, published by TEACHINGpoint

Functions of the Root Anchors the plant Absorbs water and minerals Limited ability to reproduce Stores food

Primary Root The first root to develop from the seed. Secondary roots will develop from it. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fPTJ3qD1ikk

Secondary Roots These develop from the primary root and themselves. FIBROUS

Tap Root System Develops from the primary root. Reaches deep into the ground Helps the plant during periods of drought. Tap Root System Fibrous Root System

Fibrous Root System Develops when the secondary roots become the main roots. Shallow roots but spread over a broad area. Helps prevent erosion. FIBROUS

The Root Tip Root cap (Protects the root from abrasion) Zone of Maturation ( Cells develop into tissues) Zone of Elongation ( Cells elongate allowing the root to grow longer) Apical Meristem (Produces new cells for growth) Root Hair Zone of Maturation Zone of Elongation Apical Meristem Root Cap

Primary Root Tissues (Monocot) Epidermis Cortex Endodermis Xylem and phloem alternating in a ring Pith Monocot Primary Root Epidermis Xylem Phloem

Regents Question The vascular tissue in a stem and a leaf is an adaptation for the 1)Removal of gases from the plant 2)Regulation of auxin distribution 3)Breakdown of inorganic raw materials 4)Transport of nutrients and water

Regents Answer 4)Transport of nutrients and water

Regents Question A chewing insect damages the vascular tissue of a plant stem. This damage will most directly affect the 1)Excretion of carbon dioxide by root cells 2)Synthesis of auxins in the root 3)Conduction of water and minerals between the roots and leaves 4)Diffusion of oxygen between root epidermal cells

Regents Answer 3)Conduction of water and minerals between the roots and leaves

How Water Enters the Root As long as the root hair is hypertonic to the soil water will enter the cell. As the water enters the cell it will dilute the cell’s contents making it isotonic. In order to continue the inward flow of water, the cell membrane will actively import mineral salts, keeping the cell hypertonic.

Regents Question The root system of a grass plant is an adaptation that increases the ability of the plant to 1)Carry on gas exchange and absorb inorganic substances 2)Absorb carbon dioxide for photosynthesis 3)Ingest nutrient molecules 4)Manufacture pigments for protection

Regents Answer 1)Carry on gas exchange and absorb inorganic substances

Vascular System Xylem tissue carries water and minerals upward from the roots Phloem tissue carries sugars made by photosynthesis from the leaves to where they will be stored or used Sap is the fluid carried inside the xylem or phloem

Taxonomy Plants are divided into two groups Based on the presence or absence of an internal transport system for water and dissolved materials Called Vascular System Vascular Bundles