Fundamentals of Rain Water Harvesting

Air Pollution

Ground Water Pollution

What is the need for harvesting rain water ?

City Need Shortfall Shortfall % Water in Urban Space … Municipal water deficit City Mumbai Delhi Kolkata Chennai Banglore Hyderabad Need 4000 3830 2258 3000 840 956 Shortfall 1030 880 690 1050 135 186 Shortfall % 25 30 35 16 19

City Need Shortfall Shortfall % Water in Urban Space … Municipal water deficit City Indore Bhopal Lucknow Jaipur Jabalpur Vaizag Need 318 335 560 349 239 305 Shortfall 134 70 120 313 94.5 146 Shortfall % 42 21 89 40 48

RURAL INDIA IS SCREAMING FOR WATER! ‘Water now precedes roti, kapda, aur makan’ 2/3rds of the country has been declared drought prone 90,000 villages declared ‘no source villages’- no source within 7 km radius Rajendra Singh, Tarun Bharat Sangh  

Can Bore Wells Help ? June 2004 – Musampally village Nalgonda District Andhra Pradesh Population 3000 Land 2000 acres Bore wells 6000 No typing mistake – There are 2 bore wells per person In this village. More than 85 % never struck water. Others dried up soon after drilling

The Bore Wells and The Big Dams The Bore wells have worsened the matters Instead of reducing scarcity, they are increasing it. We have seen bore wells - 1500 ft deep and drying Big dams and diversion canals are making down stream older river courses dry The Bore Wells and The Big Dams are the real culprits

Ural Sea in Russia Dried by Agriculture And Industry

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There is certainly need for doing everything possible for conserving water

Where can we learn about water harvesting. What are the basic rules Where can we learn about water harvesting ? What are the basic rules? The Fundamentals ?

Any Degrees, Diplomas ? Foreign Universities ?

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Water Learning Points It is available every where In the most pure form It is free Yet There is scarcity There was no water supply department in India till the British Government made one … Till the British Government had to make one

Wise Water Management of our ancestors Ancient India was Prosperous because of Ponds and Lakes Made and Managed by People Thus achieving water security, irrigation, flood control and food security

Modified from Stephen Lemcke, 2002

Modified from Stephen Lemcke, 2002

Varuna Ganga Modified from Stephen Lemcke, 2002 Assi

Source - Stephen Lemcke, e-mail: slemcke@sai.uni-heidelberg.de

Water Learning Points Marine forts have sweet water Corresponding mainland water is brackish

Water Learning Points Hill Forts Have Water Lower lands may not have water

Are these Miracles ? No ! There are rational explanations Which can be put to good use

Water Learning Points Marine forts have sweet water Fort walls, Temple and surroundings collect rain water that is stored in a huge pond. Through a well the harvested water is used

Jalashayanam Vishnu Temple … Mahabalipuram

Note the Rock paved surface And drain channels as well as The large rain water retaining Cistern probably used as rain gauge

Rameshwaram Temple Note the gaps in Foundation and the Sweet water reflecting the shrine

Water Learning Points Hill Forts Have Water Lower lands may not have water

Water Learning Points Hill Forts Have Water Fortress walls help to hold micro-water table created by a pond Wells give the bounty in usable form

Nature offers us our most important needs free of charge Rain Water is one such thing It is Water – in its purest form We only need to harvest it

WHAT is Rainwater Harvesting? Activity of capturing the rain and storing it for direct use or recharging into the groundwater. Simply.. catching rain where it falls and using it. 36

What is the need for harvesting rain water ?

A natural resource presently wasted Prevents ground water depletion A good supplement to piped water Positive cost benefit ratio Relatively pollution free Water conservation & self-dependence 38

Who can harvest rooftop rainwater? Any person planning to build a house An independent plot owner. Persons in apartments Industries, Institutions and factories People who are purchasing water for domestic use In short, everywhere ……the potential for rainwater harvesting is huge 39

How Much One Can harvest Rainwater ? Vol RWH =A x R x C A=Area R= Rainfall in meters C=Runoff coefficient An example A =100 m2 R = 2000 millimeters C = 0.85 RWH = 1,70,000 litres 40

Catchments details: Area, type and nature Sr.No Catchment Area (sq m) Collection co-efficient (%) 1. Roof – flat/slope 80-90 2. Paved area Driveway/courtyard, roads 60-70 3 Unpaved area Lawns, garden, playground 20-30

WHAT is Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting? Collection Filtration Storage Usage Recharge 42

Types of Rain Water Harvesting – 1 Daily Harvesting Possible in rain forests or areas with prolonged rainy season Collect daily – Use Use when available

Simplest Rain Water harvesting – Use when available During Rainy season, Drinking water needs of 35-house village are met by a simple saree based rainwater harvesting system. (Pic: Shree Padre)

Types of Rain Water Harvesting – 2 Harvesting for future use Necessary where availability is not through out the year Collect during rains – Store – Use Storage can be in 2.1 - Tanks 2.2 - Soil strata

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Types of Rain Water Harvesting – 2.1 Harvesting for future use - Storage in Tanks Used in havelis of Rajasthan/Kutcch for centuries Replicated in Moral Re-armament Centre and Ion Exchange Guest house in Panchgani Roof acts as catchment area. Under ground Storage tanks act as collection devices. Usage by fetching from the tank as per need

Harvesting for Future Use – Storage in Tanks Clean Roof Haveli Storage tank in the Raised Plinth Harvesting for Future Use – Storage in Tanks Used in Rajasthan and Kutch

Types of Rain Water Harvesting – 2.2 Harvesting for future use - Storage in Soil Roof as well as open areas act as catchment surfaces. Inter particular spaces in soil / rocks are used for storing water. Water is channeled to structures made for enhanced percolation of the harvested rain water into soil layers Usage – through Dug wells or bore wells

Harvesting for Future Use – Storage in Soil Strata-I Recharge Pit Method Terrace Building Use through well/ Bore well Simple Ground Water Recharge Pit Permeable strata Subsoil water Ground water

Harvesting for Future Use – Storage in Soil Strata-I Recharge Pit Type 2 Terrace Building Use through well/ Bore well Recharge Pit With a deeper shaft Impermeable strata Subsoil water Ground water

Harvesting for Future Use – Storage in Soil Strata - II Recharge through Dug well Terrace Building Recharge through well Use through well/bore well Subsoil water Ground water

Harvesting for Future Use – Storage in Soil Strata - III Recharge through Bore well Terrace Building Recharge through bore well Use through bore well Ground water

Harvesting for Future Use – Storage in Soil Strata - IV Recharge through trenches Improved Ground water

Harvesting for Future Use – Storage in Soil Strata - V Improving permeability of pavement Terrace Building Recharge through soil Use through well/bore well Ground water

Selection of Rain Water Harvesting Structures Site Specific Slopes Geo-morphology Space availability Usage pattern End use specific

What is the precaution needed If you want to harvest rain water in industrial setting Take care not to mix it in any way with toxic chemicals, industrial effluents, sewage etc Allow first flush rain water to go out of the collection system

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One Success Story : Aachal Avichal Chanchal Situated at Yari Road, Andheri West Area prone to flooding YET THEY DID NOT FLOOD ON 26th July 2005 Featured on Doordarshan / BBC 60

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Sunshine CHS, Andheri (E) Storm water drainage Rainwater harvesting

Borewell recharge through storm water drainage

List of Societies/Institutes

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Wishing all of you Abundance of Pure Air Clean water Healthy Food

Wishing All of you abundance of Clean Air Pure Water Healthy Food And Healthy Body & Rich Soul