Hierarchy of Life

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES

ATOMS Smallest structural unit of matter

ELEMENTS Groups of same atom

MOLECULES COMPOUNDS ELEMENTS BOND TO FORM NONMETALS/NONMETALS Covalent Bonds GLUCOSE METAL/NONMETAL Ionic Bonds WATER

ORGANIC MACROMOLECULES CARBOHYDRATES ENERGY PROTEINS STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION LIPIDS STORED ENERGY COVERINGS NUCLEIC ACIDS STORE INFORMATION

EVERYTHING UP TO THIS POINT IN THE HIERARCHY IS NON-LIVING ABOVE THIS POINT LIVING

SMALLEST STRUCTURAL UNIT OF LIFE CELLS PROKARYOTIC EUKARYOTIC NO NUCLEUS BACTERIA NUCLEUS PROTISTS, FUNGI,PLANTS,ANIMALS

GROUP OF CELLS WORK TOGETHER BUT ARE NOT DEPENDANT ON EACH OTHER COLONIAL GROUP OF CELLS WORK TOGETHER BUT ARE NOT DEPENDANT ON EACH OTHER ALGAE (autotrophic) SPONGES (heterotrophic)

TISSUES GROUP OF SPECIALIZED CELLS HAVING SAME FUNCTION ARE DEPENDANT ON EACH OTHER

SPECIALIZED TISSUES PERFORM SAME FUNCTION ORGANS SPECIALIZED TISSUES PERFORM SAME FUNCTION

SPECIALIZED ORGANS PERFORM SAME FUNCTION SYSTEMS SPECIALIZED ORGANS PERFORM SAME FUNCTION

IT SHOULD BE UNDERSTOOD THAT LIVING ORGANISMS EXIST AT ALL LEVELS CELLULAR COLONIAL TISSUE SIMPLE ORGANS SIMPLE SYSTEMS

FINAL LEVELS ILLUSTRATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ORGANISM AND ITS EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT: ECOLOGY

KINGDOMS In Linnaean Taxonomy the Kingdom is the largest group into which organisms can be classified Organisms are placed into a Kingdom based upon three criteria: Type of Cell: Prokayotic/Eukaryotic Level of Organization: Unicellular/Multicellular Method of Energy Conversion: Autotroph/Heterotroph 6 KINGDOMS ARCHAEBACTERIA FUNGI EUBACTERIA PLANTAE PROTISTA ANIMALIA

Directions: 6 Kingdoms Chart TEXT Holt Biology(Owl) pg 347-349, pg 1092-1099 Glencoe Biology(Zebra) pg 499-503 Complete the chart with this information: TYPE OF CELL PROKARYOTIC/EUKARYOTIC METABOLISM(Energy Conversion) AUTOTROPHIC(photosynthetic or chemosynthetic) HETEROTROPHIC CELL NUMBER(Level of Organization) UNICELLULAR/MULTICELLULAR REPRODUCTION ASEXUAL/SEXUAL SYMMETRY Cross out this category, use the space for more examples EXAMPLES LIST EXAMPLES FROM THE MAJOR GROUPS WITHIN THE KINGDOM

Highest level of organization in Linnaean Taxonomy kingdoms

ARCHAEBACTERIA “old-bacteria” Type of Cell Prokaryotic Metabolism Autotrophic (Chemo/Photo) and Heterotrophic Cell Number Unicellular Reproduction Asexual: Binary fission Examples Thermoacidophiles: volcanic vent bacteria, 3 &4 Methanogens: decomposition/digestion, 1 Halophiles: salt loving, 2

EUBACTERIA “True-bacteria” Type of Cell Prokaryotic Metabolism Heterotrophic, some Photosynthetic Autotrophs Cell Number Unicellular Reproduction Asexual: Binary Fission Examples Disease causing bacteria, probiotics, decomposing strep E. coli staph Spirillus: spiral Cocci: round Bacillus: rods

PROTISTA “First-organism” Type of Cell Eukaryotic Metabolism Photosynthetic Autotrophs/ Heterotrophs Cell Number Unicellular/ Multicellular Colonials Reproduction Asexual : Mitosis Examples Algae, seaweed, ‘zooplankton’, ‘phytoplankton’ paramecium volvox amoeba spirogyra plasmodium dinoflagellates euglena

FUNGI “sphongus” Greek for sponge-like Type of Cell Eukaryotic Metabolism Heterotrophic: saprophyte(absorb from decomposition) Cell Number Unicellular/ True Multicellular Reproduction Asexual: mitosis Sexual: gamete union Examples Yeast, molds, mildew, mushrooms, puffballs Penicillium mold toadstools brackett Black mold yeast mushroom puffball

PLANTAE mosses Type of Cell Eukaryotic Metabolism Photosynthetic Autotrophs Cell Number True Multicellular Reproduction Asexual: budding, runners Sexual: meiosis Examples moss, ferns, conifers, flowering mosses ferns conifers flowering

ANIMALIA birds Type of Cell Eukaryotic Metabolism Heterotrophic (consume nutrients) Cell Number Multicellular Colonial / True Multicellular Reproduction Asexual (regeneration) Sexual Examples invertebrates, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals mammals invertebrates amphibians birds fish reptiles