Positive and Negative Effects 9.2 Industrializaton Positive and Negative Effects

Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution effected every part of life in Great Britain and is considered to be a mixed blessing. GOOD- Industrialization led to a better quality of life BAD- Industrialization caused human suffering

Good Effects People earned higher wages in factories than in farms With this money, more people could afford to heat their homes People had better diets Wore better clothing

Bad Effects Unhealthy working conditions Air and water pollution The problem of child labor Rise in class tensions Unsanitary living conditions

How has industry affected your lives? Negative Outcomes Health problems Pollution Positive Outcomes Consumer goods Plenty of jobs

Industrialization Changes Life

Industrial Cities Rise With all the opportunities, cities swelled with waves of job seekers The growth in the factory system, where the manufacturing of goods was concentrated in a central location, caused this shift. City building and the movement of people to the cities is referred to as urbanization.

Population Multiplies Population of England in 1750 6 Million Population of England in 1851 21 Million Population of London in 1750 500,000 Population of London in 1851 3 Million Families in Agriculture in 1750 65% of Population Families in Agriculture in 1851 25% of Population

Living Conditions Because England’s cities grew rapidly, they were not prepared for the problems created by urbanization. They had no development plans, sanitary codes, or building codes.

Living Conditions Living conditions were very poor for the working class. That’s p bad Most unpaved streets had no drains, and garbage collected on them. Such as poop. Workers lived in dark shelters, with whole families crowded in one bedroom. A.k.A. slumber party every night! Multiple families shared one bathroom Crowded living quarters caused diseases to spread, such as cholera Lack of police protection Lack of education

Working Class Living

Tenements

Working Conditions To increase production, factory owners wanted to keep their machines running as many hours as possible. As a result, the average worker spent 14 hours a day at the job, 6 days a week. They all wanted hilary to win the presidential race Work did not change with the seasons, like farming, but was the same week after week, year after year

Working Conditions Industry also posed new dangers for workers Factories were poorly lit or clean. Machines injured workers, as their body parts would get caught in them. No government program to provide aid in case of an injury.

Women and Child Labor Many women and children were employed in industry because they were the cheapest source of labor. Women and children worked in harsh conditions up to 14 hours a day. Families were dependent on the child’s income.

Child Labor

Women in the Textile Industry

Women at Work

Class Tensions Grow

Class Tensions Grow Poverty gripped Britain’s working class. However, the Industrial Revolution created enormous wealth in the nation Factory owners, shippers, and merchants controlled most of this new wealth They were part of a new growing middle class, a social class made up of skilled workers, professionals, businessmen, and wealthy farmers.

Pyramid of British Social Classes Land owners/aristocrats 1 Upper Class Factory owners, merchants, and shippers, doctors, lawyers, managers Upper Middle Class 2 Lower Middle Class Factory overseers, skilled workers 3 Lower Working Class 4 Poor city dwellers, child labors, factory workers

Middle Class Before, landowners and aristocrats owned most of the wealth and top positions in Britain’s social structure. British industrial society consisted of some of the middle class obtaining more wealth and influence than the upper class (landowners and aristocrats). Middle class consisted of government employees, doctors, lawyers, and managers of factories, mines, and shops. Lower Middle class consisted of factory overseers, skilled workers such as toolmakers, mechanical drafters, and printers

Middle Class Living The middle class had nice homes on paved streets, a stable supply of water and fancy clothes. Women stayed home with the children.

Working Class Between 1800 and 1850, the working class saw little improvement in their living and working conditions. Machines replaced workers Luddites smashed machines and attacked factories. Protesting not only the loss of jobs, but the dehumanizing factory conditions.

Positive and Negative Effects of the Industrial Revolution

Working Conditions Industry created many new jobs Factories were dirty, unsafe, and dangerous Factory bosses exercised harsh discipline Long-Term Effect- Workers won higher wages, shorter hours, better conditions

Social Classes Factory workers were overworked and underpaid Overseers and skilled workers rose to lower middle class. Factory owners and merchants formed upper middle class Upper class resented those in middle class who became wealthier than they were Long-Term Effect- Standard of living rose.

Size of Cities Factories brought job seekers to cities Urban areas doubled, tripled, or quadrupled in size Many cities specialized in certain industries Long-Term Effect- Suburbs grew as people fled crowded cities.

Living Conditions Cities lacked sanitary codes or building controls Housing, water, and social services were scarce Epidemics swept through the city Long-Term Effect- Housing, diet, and clothing improved

Closure Which change brought on by the Industrial Revolution had the greatest impact? The Industrial Revolution has been described as a mixed blessing. Do you agree or disagree? Support your answer.