Unit 7 Sparkling Wines, Dessert Wines, & Spirits Italian Wine Central™ Italian Wine Professional™ Course 2014 1

What we will cover Introduction Refresher on viticulture and winemaking as they relate to sparkling and sweet wines Denominations for sparkling wines and their associated grape varieties Denominations for dessert wines and their associated grape varieties Vermouth Grappa Italian desserts Italian language practice 1

Learning objectives Grapegrowing and winemaking techniques for sparkling and dessert wines in Italy Commercially significant sparkling and dessert wine denominations Which region are they located in? Sparkling/dessert wines only, or other styles as well? Primary grape variety or varieties Single-variety, varietal, or blend? Procedures for making vermouth and grappa 1a

Sparkling Wine 2

Making Sparkling Wine Photo courtesy, Franciacorta consorzio 3

Making Sparkling Wine: The Classic Method Traditional Method Metodo Classico 4

Making Sparkling Wine: The Tank Method Charmat Method Metodo Charmat Metodo Martinotti 5

Making Sparkling Wine: Grape Varieties 6

Making Sparkling Wine: Grape Varieties Classic Method Champagne Italy Looking first at sparkling wines made by the classic method, [Click] Champagne in France is the world standard for this style of sparkling wine, and its grapes are: Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and/or Pinot Meunier. In Italy, Pinot Meunier is rare; Italian metodo classico wines typically use: [Click] Chardonnay, Pinot Nero (Pinot Noir), and/or Pinot Bianco (Pinot Blanc). Pinot Grigio or other local grapes are authorized in some regions. Chardonnay Pinot Noir Pinot Meunier Chardonnay Pinot Nero (Pinot Noir) Pinot Bianco Sometimes others 7

Making Sparkling Wine: Grape Varieties Tank Method An Italian specialty Primary grape varieties in Italy: Glera Moscato Lambrusco 8

Making Sparkling Wine: Grape Varieties Chardonnay Pinot Bianco Pinot Nero GLERA MOSCATO Brachetto Lambrusco 9

Making Sparkling Wine: Styles Sparkling wines come in many styles Color: White Rosato (Rosé) Red Effervescence: Spumante (sparkling) Frizzante (fizzy) Sweetness levels: Brut nature/Dosaggio zero Extra brut Brut Extra dry Secco Abboccato Dolce Photo by Lauren Bosak (Flickr: Kaydee & Prosecco) [CC-BY-SA-2.0], via Wikimedia Commons 10

Photo by Fabrizio Sciami (Flickr: Un brindisi per Riccardo), CC-BY-SA-2.0, via Wikimedia Commons 11

Classic-Method Sparkling Wine DOPs Trento DOC Franciacorta DOCG Permitted grape varieties: Chardonnay Pinot Nero Pinot Bianco (except Alta Langa) Oltrepò Pavese Metodo Classico DOCG Alta Langa DOCG 12

Prosecco  Glera Prosecco 13 Photo by John W. Schulze from Tejas (Prosecco vineyards), CC-BY-SA-2.0, via Wikimedia Commons 13

FRIULI–VENEZIA GIULIA Prosecco Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco DOCG FRIULI–VENEZIA GIULIA Asolo Prosecco DOCG Prosecco DOC VENETO 14

Two styles of wine from one denomination: Asti (sparkling) Asti & Moscato d’Asti Two styles of wine from one denomination: Asti (sparkling) Moscato d’Asti (frizzante) Both 100% Moscato PIEDMONT Asti Asti DOCG 15

Brachetto d’Acqui DOCG PIEDMONT Brachetto d’Acqui DOCG Asti Asti Asti DOCG Alta Langa DOCG 16

Lambrusco Lambrusco DOCs EMILIA ROMAGNA Bologna Lambrusco Salamino di Santa Croce DOC Lambrusco di Sorbara DOC Lambrusco Grasparossa di Castelvetro DOC 17

“Dessert wine” definitions Any wine served after a meal Any sweet wine Any high-alcohol wine 18

How dessert wines are made Making Dessert Wine Most dessert wines start with unusually sweet grapes How dessert wines are made Harvested later than normal With botrytis Dried after harvest 19

Making Dessert Wine: Late Harvest Vendemmia Tardiva 20

Making Dessert Wine: Botrytis Botrytis cinerea = Muffa nobile 21

Making Dessert Wine: Dried Grapes Photo courtesy, Tommasi Family Estates 22

Making Dessert Wine: Dried Grapes Appassimento Photo courtesy, Azienda Agricola Alberto Coffele 23

Grapes harvested when ripe Making Dessert Wine: Dried Grapes Grapes harvested when ripe Appassimento (drying process) Dried grapes Fermentation Passito wines 24

Making Dessert Wine: Grape Varieties Common grape varieties used for making dessert wine: Trebbiano Sangiovese Malvasia Moscato Aleatico Whatever varieties are grown locally for dry wines 25

Vin Santo del Chianti Classico DOC Florence Siena Vin Santo del Chianti DOC Vin Santo is a style of wine in Maremma Toscana DOC Photo by Paolo Piscolla, CC-BY-SA-2.0, via Wikimedia Commons 26

Occhio di Pernice = Eye of the Partridge Vin Santo 27 Photo of Red-legged Partridge by Juan Lacruz (own work), CC-BY-3.0, via Wikimedia Commons 27

Recioto della Valpolicella DOCG Recioto di Gambellara DOCG Recioto della Valpolicella DOCG Verona Venice Recioto di Soave DOCG 28

Dessert Wines of Southern Italy Primitivo di Manduria Dolce Naturale DOCG Marsala DOC Pantelleria DOC 29

Vermouth, Liqueurs, and Grappa Vermouth = Aromatized wine Liqueur = Sweetened aromatized spirits Amaro: Bitter and sweet Limoncello, amaretto, etc.: Sweet but not usually bitter Grappa = Distilled spirit made from pomace 30

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Vermouth, Liqueurs, and Grappa Vermouth = Aromatized wine Liqueur = Sweetened aromatized spirits Amaro: Bitter and sweet Limoncello, amaretto, etc.: Sweet but not usually bitter Grappa = Distilled spirit made from pomace 32

Italian Desserts 33

Italian Desserts: Cookies Mostaccioli Cantucci Sicilian almond cookies 34

Italian Desserts: Cakes Cassata cake Pandoro 35

Italian Desserts: Pastries and Fried Dough Apple strudel Sfrappole Castagnole 36

Italian Desserts: Pastries and Fried Dough Sfogliatelle Cannoli Zeppole 37

Italian Desserts: Puddings Panna cotta Zabaione (Zabaglione) Tiramisù 38

Italian Desserts: Gelato 39

Intro to the Italian Language: Effervescence and Sweetness Terms Spumante = Sparkling Frizzante = Fizzy Spuma = Foam Millesimato = Vintage dated Bollicine = Bubbles Brut = Very dry Secco = Dry Abboccato = Off-dry; slightly sweet Amabile = Semisweet Dolce = Sweet Appassimento = The process of drying grapes Passito = Dried-grape wine 40

Unit 7 Sparkling Wines, Dessert Wines, & Spirits Italian Wine Central™ Italian Wine Professional™ Course 2014 1