I. LIFE PROCESSES (Functions) processes that maintain life adaptations - structures/behaviors that help an organism to survive efficiently in their environment Ex: skin color of humans, migration in geese What adaptations can you think of?

Plants, some bacteria, some protists A. NUTRITION how an organism obtains nutrients and processes them for use 1. Autotrophic make own food Plants, some bacteria, some protists includes Photosynthesis sun + CO2 + H2O ---> C6H12O6 + O2 Can carry out Chemosynthesis chemicals from environment or

Animals, most fungi, some bacteria, some protists A. NUTRITION 2. Heterotrophic -consume other organisms or their products Animals, most fungi, some bacteria, some protists includes Ingestion taking in nutrients Egestion removal of material not digested: feces Digestion large molecules  smaller molecules 3 basic processes

B. TRANSPORT movement and distribution of materials (nutrients, wastes, gases, etc) circulatory system = from 1 location to another in a multicellular organism cells/unicellular organisms = cyclosis or cytoplasmic streaming, osmosis & diffusion, or active transport

C. RESPIRATION Chemical process (NOT breathing- physical) - process of converting energy found in chemical bonds of food (glucose) into the bonds of a useable molecule (ATP) 1. Aerobic Respiration uses O2 to break apart bonds and release energy Happens in mitochondria of cells O2 + C6H12O6 + H2O -----------> CO2 + H2O + energy (ATP) 2. Anaerobic Respiration - doesn’t require O2 Not as efficient as aerobic - doesn’t yield as much ATP

D. SYNTHESIS small molecules combine to form large molecules Examples: Sugar +sugar + sugar + etc = starch Amino acid +Amino acid +Amino acid +etc = protein become part of an organism’s structure needed for - repairing cells and tissues or replacement of cells,tissues - growth - increase in size or cell # - followed by specialization = cells develop a definite function

E. EXCRETION removal of waste products (ex: CO2, sweat, urine) produced from metabolism Metabolism- all the chemical reactions occurring in the cell (body) CO2 is carbon dioxide- we exhale it when our blood returns with the CO2 from our cells as a waste product to our lungs. Sweat or perspiration gets rid of excess water and salts Urine gets rid of ammonia and urea, excess salts and water Excretion is important b/c it prevents poisoning or death of cell (organism)

F. COORDINATION (REGULATION) allows organism to respond or adjust to change nervous (electrical) and endocrine (chemical) systems in animals hormones in plants simple responses to change from unicellular organisms Like moving away from something

G. REPRODUCTION production of new organisms of their own kind continuation of species - not individual The only life process that does not have to happen in every living thing 1. Asexual 2. Sexual or 1 parent (cell) Genetically identical (no variation) 2 parents(cells) sperm & egg) Genetically different (variation)

II. HOMEOSTASIS maintaining a constant stable, balanced internal environment (dynamic equilibrium) occurs despite external environmental changes Ex: blood pressure, heart rate, temp, breathing rate all change due to changes in the organism Our bodies try to maintain the optimal conditions to survive.

A. FEEDBACK one change causes another change, which then, affects the original change Ex: breathing rate [CO2] [CO2] Detected by medullla oblongata Detected by medulla oblongata increases decreases Heart rate Depth of breath Heart rate Depth of breath

Lab : Comparing Living & Nonliving Things I. Objectives: A. Classify things as living or nonliving based on the characteristics of life II. Materials * various materials provided at each of the lab stations

III. Procedure 1. Study the specimens at ea. of the lab stations carefully. 2. Determine & record if each specimen possesses the characteristics listed in the data table 1.(y = yes, n= no, CD = can’t determine) 3. Base your answers on immediate observations, prior knowledge, or information from other sources. 4. Repeat steps 1-4 for each lab station.

IV. Data Table 1 Specimen 1 or More Cells Reproduces Genetic Code Grows Uses Materials &Energy Responds to Environment Maintains Internal Balance Changes Over Time

V. Conclusions Copy the chart headings below: Specimen Living or Nonliving Explanation 1. For each specimen you observed, determine if it was living or nonliving and provide an explanation as to why you think this is so. 2. What specimens did you have difficulty placing in a category of living or nonliving? Why? 3. What characteristics of life were the most difficult to evaluate? Why? Final Paragraph from Writing a Lab Report