Purdue University Snapshot Hello, my name is Andrea Turcatti and I will be presenting an overview of Purdue University. I have chosen this institution because not only is my alma matter, but I worked for Purdue University for almost 10 years. I will present four talking points that will help have a broad understanding of the university. Those four topics are: The institutional history of the institution Its Carnegie classification and ranking The organizational chart of the institution and Its finances Photo Credit: http://purdue.photoshelter.com/gallery-collection/Purdue-Free-Galleries-password-PURDUE/C0000EAagf5O93jA, Retrieved: 10/07/2015 Andrea Turcatti M.Ed. in Higher Education Student October 18, 2015

Institutional History Understanding how historical events shaped the institution help us appreciate its culture and learn from past actions. Photo Credit: http://purdue.photoshelter.com/gallery-collection/Purdue-Free-Galleries-password-PURDUE/C0000EAagf5O93jA, Retrieved: 10/07/2015 Institutional History

Purdue Institutional History Institution’s Mission To serve the citizens of Indiana, the United States, and the world through discovery that expands the realm of knowledge, learning through dissemination and preservation of knowledge, and engagement through exchange of knowledge. Purdue University was founded in 1869 as a land-grant university using the benefits of the Morrill Acts of 1862. It was founded by John Purdue with a $150,000 gift. When the Morrill Bill passed they had in mind that land grant universities would open access to all, including the working class. The original mission was to teach agriculture, military tactics, and the mechanic arts (engineering) as well as the classical studies, for the working class to obtain a practical education. Purdue mission statement has evolved to express a more accurate reflection of today’s goals and philosophies. Its goals is to serve not only the people of Indiana and the United States, but also of the world. It stresses the fact that it serves them through the field of knowledge across a wide range of disciplines and it put emphasis in the way it delivers the content. Nowadays people can study academic discipline far beyond the scope envisioned in the original land-grant mission. Purdue University (2001) Mission. Retrieved from:http://www.purdue.edu/strategic_plan/2001-2006/pages/westlafayette/wl_mission.html

Purdue Institutional History Evolution of the University Founded in 1869 as a land-grant university. The university started classes in 1874 with 6 faculties and 39 students. Today, 40,000 students are enrolled, 200 majors within 10 colleges and schools Started as an “industrial college” with emphasis on science, technology and agriculture. Strongest fields: engineering, agriculture, pharmacy. Purdue Research Foundation is established in 1930 Technology incubator, technology transfer, Purdue’s IP, etc. Emerged as a top research university during the Academic Revolution Over 400 research labs and 139 research centers and institutes Enrollment growth during G.I. Bill Four regional campuses 1965 only 0.6% of students are African American (APA is in the document) 2014 only 3% of students are African American Purdue starts classes in 1874 with only 39 students. Today, almost 150 years later, Purdue University is a top research university, with an enrollment close to 40,000 students and offering nearly 200 majors within 10 colleges and schools. The earliest presidents were committed to establish an “industrial college” with emphasis on science, technology and agriculture. Even though the university started with a much lower enrollment in engineering than they expected, by 1925 Purdue had the largest undergraduate engineering enrollment in the country. As years past by, more engineering schools were established and the school of agriculture kept growing rapidly. The legacy of its initial focus has made Purdue a strong university in the fields of engineering, agriculture, and pharmacy, the three first schools created. In 1930, the Purdue Research Foundation was established. At that time, industry had no access to university knowledge because public institutions could not provide assistance to private industry. David Ross, a former president of the university Board of Trustees, set up a nonprofit foundation, separate from the university, which could make contact with the industry. Today, the nonprofit Purdue Research Foundation has grown from just interacting with the industry to managing technology incubators, helping with technology transfer, and managing and licensing Purdue’s intellectual property, among other things. The establishment of this foundation has served as a model to other state universities. It is during the time of the Academic Revolution (1945-1975) that Purdue emerges as a top research university. This is the greatest period of growth for Purdue: greatest enrollment growth, annual budget increased from 12.6 million to 136 million, many more schools and departments are created. Today the university counts with over 400 research labs and 139 research centers and institutes, offers 200 majors within 10 colleges and schools and a budget of almost $2B. The G.I. Bill contribution is seeing in two different places. Enrollment increased from 3, 300 (March 1945) to 11,400 (October 1946) students, following the pattern of the national trend. It also left the legacy of today’s regional campuses. During World War II, Purdue had through out Indiana close to a hundred centers to train workers for the defense industry. When veterans came back from the war and went back to the university under the G.I. Bill, many classes were taught in these training centers to ease the demand for campus space. Four of these sites are degree granting regional campuses, forming part of the Purdue University system. The first African American at Purdue earns a bachelor degree in Civil Engineering in 1894, dormitories are desegregated in 1947, and the first black professor is not hired until 1968. The desegregation of dormitories at such an early time in history is something that caught my attention given the State of Indiana being so conservative. Still we see a low enrollment in African American students, it’s only 3%. Table 1 - Purdue University Advancements

Purdue Institutional History Institution’s Vision Purdue will be a preeminent university, advancing quality in all areas while leading the world in the basic and applied sciences and engineering and improving society at home and abroad. Finally, through Purdue’s vision, the institution expresses its commitment to hold its position as a top research university and to make the sciences and engineering one of its priorities. Purdue University (2001) Vision. Retrieved from: http://www.purdue.edu/strategic_plan/2001-2006/pages/westlafayette/wl_vision.html

Carnegie Classification and Ranking The Higher Education system in the United State is very diversified and has responded to the need of the society. Because of such diversification, the Carnegie Classification offers a framework for describing colleges and universities in the system. While the Carnegie classification helps identifies similarities and differences among institutions, it does not rank them. We will also review a system for ranking used by the U.S. News & World Report. Photo Credit: http://purdue.photoshelter.com/gallery-collection/Purdue-Free-Galleries-password-PURDUE/C0000EAagf5O93jA, Retrieved: 10/07/2015 Carnegie Classification and Ranking

Purdue Carnegie Classification and Ranking Category Basic Doctorate-granting University - Research University (very high research activity) Undergraduate Instructional Program Professions plus arts & sciences, high graduate coexistence Graduate Instructional Program Comprehensive doctoral with medical/veterinary Enrollment Profile High undergraduate Undergraduate Profile Full-time four year, more selective, lower transfer-in Size and Setting Large four year, primarily residential Based on the Carnegie classification, all accredited, degree-granting institutions are classified in six different categories: Basic: this classification is based on highest degree awarded (baccalaureate, master, doctorate, etc.), total number of degrees awarded, and research activity. Purdue is classified as a doctorate-granting university since it awarded at least 20 research doctorates in 2008-2009 and the level of research activity is considered very high. Undergraduate Instructional Program: this classification focuses solely on undergraduate education and is based on level of undergraduate degrees awarded (associate or bachelor), proportion of bachelor’s degree majors in the arts and sciences and in the professional fields, and the extent the institution awards graduate degrees in the same fields as for undergraduate degrees. Because 60–79 percent of bachelor’s degree majors at Purdue were in professional fields, and graduate degrees were observed in at least half of the fields corresponding to undergraduate majors, Purdue is classified as Professions plus arts &sciences with high graduate coexistence. Graduate Instructional Program: as the previous classification concentrated in undergraduate education, this one concentrates in graduate education. Purdue is classified as a comprehensive doctoral university with medical/veterinary. Under this category, the university awards research doctorate degrees in Humanity, Social Sciences, and the STEM fields, as well as in medicine, dentistry, and/or veterinary medicine. In the case of Purdue University, it offers degree in the veterinary medicine. Enrollment Profile: this classification shows the profile of the students enrolled at undergraduate and graduate level. Because data show both undergraduate and graduate/professional students enrolled, having a 10–24 percent of graduate enrollment, Purdue category is labeled as high undergraduate. Undergraduate Profile: this profile describes the population based on proportion of undergraduate students attending part or full-time, admission selectivity (based on standardize test scores of first-year, first-time students, and percentage of transfer students. Since Purdue is under the category full-time four year, more selective and lower transfer in, we know that at least 80 percent of undergraduates enrolled full-time, test score data for first-year students show that the institution is more selective in admissions, and least 20 percent of entering undergraduates are transfer students. Lastly we have the size and setting classification. This classification describes institution’s size and residential characteristic. Purdue is classified as large four year, primarily residential, meaning that at least 10,000 full time degree seeking students are enrolled at the university and between 25-49% of them live on campus. The Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education (n.d.). Classification Descriptions. Retrieved from: http://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/descriptions/ Table 2- Purdue University Carnegie Classification. Source: The Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education

Purdue Carnegie Classification and Ranking Purdue University What is taught? Research University Large Undergraduate Program Few transfers What is the environment? More Selective Graduate Program Full-time Students Size and Setting Doctorate & Veterinary What type of degree? More than 75% undergrad students Once we understand how the Carnegie classification is organized, we can examine an institution from different perspectives (or characteristics). What is taught? The undergraduate and graduate instructional program classification will provide information about the majors and professional fields available for the students. What type of degrees are awarded at the institution? How much active is in research? Who are they teaching to? Are they full-time or part-time students? How selective is the university? Does it have many transfer students? What is the proportion between undergrad and graduate students? And finally, what is the setting where all these happen? Is it a small, medium or large university? How many students live on campus? Basic Class. Undergraduate Profile Enrollment Profile To whom is taught?

Purdue Carnegie Classification and Ranking Rankings Ranking Category Ranking Best National Universities #61 Best Undergraduate Engineering Program #9 Best Undergraduate Teaching #14 Best Graduate Schools Best Engineering School #6 Pharmacy #7 Top Public Universities #21 As we mentioned before, the Carnegie classification helps identifies similarities and differences among institutions but it does not rank them. For most universities ranking is very important because a good ranking gives prestige to the institution, it is a way to compete for students, and it can also help with benchmarking. Using Carnegie classification, the U.S. News & World Report divides institutions in four categories: National Universities, National Liberal Arts Colleges, Regional Universities and Regional Colleges, and creates a system for ranking the quality of colleges and universities. Purdue University is classified as National Universities. From the table above we can see different rankings from the U.S. News & World Report for Purdue University. It is ranked #61 among all universities in its category, National Universities. When we only consider public universities, Purdue ranks #21. In previous slides we mentioned that engineering and pharmacy have been through out the history of the university two of its strongest fields. We can see on these rankings that the graduate and undergraduate engineering programs position very well, #6 and #9 respectively. Pharmacy is ranked #7. http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/purdue-university-main-campus-243780/overall-rankings http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/rankings Table 3- Purdue University Rankings. Source: US World and News Report

Purdue Carnegie Classification and Ranking Rankings The US News ranking, along with the Carnegie classification, may be used as a tool when benchmarking against other universities. Purdue has a long list of aspirational institutions, and we can see how it compares against them as a National University and as a Public School. When benchmarking, the Carnegie classification allows us to select institutions that are similar in their classification. It is very important to know that the universities we will compare against belong to the same classification. In the case of Purdue University, being a large research university with very high research activity, we want to compare against universities that are in the same classification group. The U.S. News ranking will help identify which universities are aspirational and which ones are comparable to Purdue University. http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/purdue-university-main-campus-243780/overall-rankings http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/rankings Table 4- Purdue University Rankings Against Some of Its Aspirational Universities. Source: US World and News Report

Everyone working in higher education should have a clear understanding of how the organization is governed. And to effectively lead, one must know and understand the roles of senior and executives leaders who are part of the governance process. https://www.purdue.edu/datadigest/2012-13/PDF/pg_4 Leadership Structure

Purdue Leadership Structure Organizational Chart Board of Trustees: keep the university in operation and make all bylaws, rules, and regulations to manage it President: responsible for the affairs of the University Executive Senior Administrators: support the President After comparing several organizational chart from different universities, Purdue University follows the organizational chart of most large research university. The Board of Trustees is the body that approves university policies and make the bylaws to manage the institution. The Board of Trustees, through different committees, oversight the management of many functions such as the university finances, the internal audit, facilities construction and renovation, academic functions, recruitment, compensation and retention of the president and other senior administrators, etc. The President is the one responsible for all the university affairs and is supported by executive senior administrators. The bigger the university the more senior administrators we’ll find supporting the president.

Purdue Leadership Structure Board of Trustees Formed by 10 members Members serve for three years Trustees meet six times a year Board elects the president Purdue’s Board of trustees is formed by ten members, including a student. The Purdue Alumni Association selects three of those ten members and the governor appoints the remaining seven. The members of the board serve for three years with the exception of the student who serves for two years. The Board meets at least six times a year and its open to the public. And they elect the president and determines the length of its presidency. They need a minimum of six votes to elect the president. Retrieved: http://www.purdue.edu/bot/index.html.(2013)

Purdue Leadership Structure President Financial management Strategic planning Off- campus activities The President reports to the Board of Trustees and basically has three important activities: Financial management: he is responsible for how the institution’s resources are used Strategic planning: develop and put into actions the strategic plan and Off-campus activities: presidents spend great percentage of their time on this task and it includes: fund raising, building relationships with external constituencies, working on transfer technology and licensing agreements, etc. At Purdue, the present and past presidents have focus very heavily on these issues. Just on fundraising the actual president has recently announced a $2 billion campaign and the previous one was of $1.5 billion. Regarding the current Purdue’s president, Mitch Daniels, he is among the 13% of the presidents coming from outside of higher education. He is a lawyer, worked for different corporations, and is the former Indiana’s governor. He has never served as a faculty member or worked in the field of higher education prior to becoming president to the institution. Eckel P.D., & Kezar A. (2011). Presidents leading. In P. G. Altbach, P. J. Gumport, & R. O. Berdahl (Eds.), American higher education in the twenty-first century: Social, political, and economic challenges (3rd ed., 281). Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press.

Purdue Leadership Structure Executive Senior Administrators Vice President for Academic Affairs and Provost Treasure and Chief Financial Officer Vice President for Research About 15 executive senior administrators support Purdue President, and there are some that are key players and are worth mentioning. The Vice President for Academic Affairs and Provost, or Chief Academic Officer, is in charge of all academic programs and strategies, faculty-related matters including appointments, tenure, and promotion, and student affairs. The provost also works closely with all deans of the schools and colleges of the institution. The Chief Financial Officer oversees all financial affairs, human resource services, physical facilities, etc. and he is in charged with institutional integrity in financial matters and best resource allocation. The Executive Vice President for Research supports faculty in the effort to attract funding and develop proposals. The office makes sure they comply with state and federal regulations. Retrieved: http://www.purdue.edu/purdue/about/AdministrationRegion/index.html. (2015)

Purdue Leadership Structure Shared Governance Faculty member in Board of Trustees committee Faculty pressure responsible for change in plans Purdue has shown a strong shared governance. In February 2014, the Board of Trustees has approved the addition of a faculty member to its academic affairs committee. This measure had the support of the committee and the president and added a non-voting, ex-officio member to the committee. The University Senate Chair is the member representing the faculty. When Purdue announced changes to its leaves program, with a result of reduced paid time off for non-exempt employees from 31 days maximum per year to 25 days maximum per year and lost of accrued vacation, sick leave, personal and holiday payout upon retirement or separation from the university, about 750 faculty and staff were present in an open forum to protest about the new changes. As a result, it was announced that no change to the current leaves program would be made for the 2015-2016 fiscal year and the university will revisit and further assess the issues raised by the employees. Colombo, H. (2014, February 21). Addition of faculty member to Purdue trustees committee wins approval. JCOnline Lafayette Journal and Courier. Retrieved from: http://www.jconline.com/story/news/college/2014/02/21/addition-of-faculty-member-to-purdue-trustees-committee-wins-approval/5692247/ Jaschik, S. (2015, March 2). When Less is Less. Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved from: https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2015/03/02/purdue-employees-protest-plan-cut-employee-leave-time Purdue University News (2015, March 9). Purdue to keep current leave program in place for additional year; recommend enhancements to bereavement, parental leave now. Retrieved from: http://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/releases/2015/Q1/purdue-to-keep-current-leave-program-in-place-for-additional-year-recommend-enhancements-to-bereavement,-parental-leave-now.html

The financial facet of an institution is important because almost every aspects in higher education requires resources to accomplish its goals. It is also important nowadays, especially in public universities, because of the financial strains and challenges most states are going through. Through this talking point we will see how Purdue University gets its revenues and how it allocates them. Retrieved: https://www.purdue.edu/datadigest/2013-14/Finance/BudbySourceFunds.html. (2013) Finances

Finances Revenues As we can see from Fig. 1, based on the IPEDS Data Center, almost 75 % of Purdue’s revenues comes from tuition and fees, government grants and contracts, and state appropriation. When analyzing how that 75% is distributed, it is seen that a big proportion of its revenues are coming from tuition and fee: 38%. As states keep enduring financial strains, Purdue tuition has been increasing at a steady 4.5% from 2007 to 2012 with the exception of 2009 where the rise was of 11.9% which coincides with the 2008-2010 recession. The state appropriation is only 18%. Since the year 2000, the state appropriation has been down 32%. The other 25% of the revenues is equally distributed among private gifts, grants, and contracts (9%), investment returns (10%), and other core revenues (11%) . There are two aspects of its revenues that are worth noticing. One is the low percentage in government grants and contracts that the university brings; it only constitutes 17% of its revenues and as being a large research university once would expect a bigger portion of its revenues coming from it. The second one is that the institution receives local appropriation (1%), which, even though is a very small percentage, is more common seen this type of revenue in community colleges. Purdue University Data Digest (n.d.) Retrieved from: https://www.purdue.edu/datadigest/ Fig. 1 - Revenue Profile, Purdue University, Source: IPEDS (U.S. Department of Education. Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics.)

Finances Expenses Expenses help us understand where the focus of the university is. Purdue allocates almost half of its resources to instruction 44% and it is followed by research with 20%. This allocation shows Purdue’s commitment to its students and research and it is validated by the institution strategic plan Purdue Moves where two out of the 4 main action items are Transformative Education and World-Changing Research. A Purdue endowment of $2.5 billions and a record 2014-2015 fundraising campaign help support the university’s core expenses. In 2014, 43% of its endowment distribution was allocated to instruction and research. Public service, academic support, and institutional support are evenly distributed at an average of 10% each. The university spends barely 3% of its budget in student services. Purdue Research Foundation (2014). Purdue Foundation Endowment. Retrieved from: http://giving.purdue.edu/s/1461/images/gid1010/editor_documents/2013-14-endowmentreport.pdf Fig. 2 - Expenditure Profile, Purdue University, Source: IPEDS (U.S. Department of Education. Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics.)

Summary Historical Events: Emerges as top public university being Science and Engineering its strongest field of studies Carnegie Classification and Rankings: Doctoral granting research institution, offering degrees in the arts and science and a Veterinary School. Very well ranked Leadership Organization: follows the structure of most large public universities with a strong shared governance Finances: very similar to large public universities, showing commitment to instruction and research After going through these four talking points, we have seen how Purdue has emerged as a top recognized research public university, being Engineering and Science its strong field of studies. The Carnegie Classification frames the university as a large, public, research university with a Veterinary School. Based on the U.S. News and World Report the University is well ranked. It’s ranked #21 as public university and #61 overall. We have seen that shared governance is strong at the university and learned about its organizational chart. Lastly, we have look into its finances, learning that tuition and fees is the source providing almost half of its revenue, having a strong fund-raising culture, and investing first and foremost in instruction and research.

References African American History at Purdue. Retrieved from: https://engineering.purdue.edu/MEP/Spotlights/AfricanAmericanHistoryatPurdueInterestingFactsProvi Colombo, H. (2014, February 21). Addition of faculty member to Purdue trustees committee wins approval. JCOnline Lafayette Journal and Courier. Retrieved from: http://www.jconline.com/story/news/college/2014/02/21/addition-of-faculty-member-to-purdue-trustees-committee-wins-approval/5692247/ Eckel P.D., & Kezar A. (2011). Presidents leading. In P. G. Altbach, P. J. Gumport, & R. O. Berdahl (Eds.), American higher education in the twenty-first century: Social, political, and economic challenges (3rd ed., 281). Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press. Howell, D. (2004, July) Post-World War II stopgap structures finally bowing out. Purdue News. Retrieved from: http://www.purdue.edu/uns/html3month/2004/0407.Persp.rotc.html Jaschik, S. (2015, March 2). When Less is Less. Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved from: https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2015/03/02/purdue-employees-protest-plan-cut-employee-leave-time Purdue History. Purdue University. Retrieved from:http://www.purdue.edu/purdue/about/history.html

References Purdue Past Presidents. Purdue University. Retrieved from: http://www.purdue.edu/purdue/about/presidents.html Purdue University Board of Trustees (2013). Bylaws. Retrieved from: http://www.purdue.edu/bot/about/bylaws.html Purdue University Board of Trustees (2013). Appointment and Terms. Retrieved from: http://www.purdue.edu/bot/about/appointment-terms.html Purdue University Data Digest (n.d.) Retrieved from: https://www.purdue.edu/datadigest/ Purdue University (2001) Mission. Retrieved from: http://www.purdue.edu/strategic_plan/2001-2006/pages/westlafayette/wl_mission.html Purdue University News (2015, March 9). Purdue to keep current leave program in place for additional year; recommend enhancements to bereavement, parental leave now. Retrieved from: http://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/releases/2015/Q1/purdue-to-keep-current-leave-program-in-place-for-additional-year-recommend-enhancements-to-bereavement,-parental-leave-now.html Purdue University Office of Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer (2014). Retrieved from: http://www.purdue.edu/treasurer/ Purdue University Office of the Executive Vice President of Research and Partnership (2015). Retrieved from: http://www.purdue.edu/research/index.php

References Purdue University Office of the Provost (2015). About. Retrieved from: http://www.purdue.edu/provost/about/index.html Purdue University Organizational Chart (2012). Retrieved from: https://www.purdue.edu/datadigest/2012-13/fastfacts/pg4.html Purdue Moves (2015) Retrieved from: http://www.purdue.edu/purduemoves/ Purdue Research Foundation (2014). Purdue Foundation Endowment. Retrieved from: http://giving.purdue.edu/s/1461/images/gid1010/editor_documents/2013-14-endowmentreport.pdf Purdue University (2001) Vision. Retrieved from: http://www.purdue.edu/strategic_plan/2001-2006/pages/westlafayette/wl_vision.html The Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education (n.d.). Classification Descriptions. Retrieved from: http://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/descriptions/ The Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (n.d.) National Center for Educational Statistics. Retrieved from: https://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/datacenter/InstitutionProfile.aspx?unitId=adafaeb2b3ab

References U.S. News and World Report (2015). U.S. Best Colleges Rankings. Retrieved from: http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/purdue-university-main-campus-243780/overall-rankings U.S. News and World Report (2015). U.S. Best Colleges Rankings and Lists. Retrieved from: http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/rankings