Citators & Headnotes 11,698,389 cases On Westlaw 14,000,000 cases on Lexis Advance.

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Citators & Headnotes 11,698,389 cases On Westlaw 14,000,000 cases on Lexis Advance

Stuart Sutton, Managing Legal Information: A Model of Institutional Memory Based on User Cognitive Maps (1991).

Verify status of your case Let you into a research universe Citation Systems Verify status of your case Let you into a research universe

The Authority of Supreme Court Precedent, James H The Authority of Supreme Court Precedent, James H. Fowler and Sangick Jeon. Social Networks, Volume 30, Issue 1, January 2008.

Real-World Applications – Airline Hubs

How Citation Networks Grow Real Time Networks

Shepard's & KeyCite Caselaw Strong negative history or treatment Questions precedential value History or treatment may have significant negative impact Positive treatment Neutral citations only Citing references (law reviews)have no treatment codes Shepard’s Alert No longer good law for at least one point of law Some negative history Case appealed Some history Citing references only KeyCite Alert

Comparing the Systems

Shepard's & KeyCite Cases (published and unpublished) US Code & Constitution State codes CFR Law reviews Patents Restatements Selected AG opinions Court rules Selected regulatory decisions Cases (published and unpublished) US Code & Constitution State codes CFR Law reviews Patents & Trademarks Restatements West Treatises Court rules Selected regulatory decisions (all IRS)

Shepard's & KeyCite Currency Lexis receives a case about 2 weeks after the decision. Shepard’s – editorial analysis is available 24-48 hours after a case decision is published online. Westlaw receives cases without enhancements within 24-48 hours. Enhancements can take up to 72 hours. KeyCite – direct history is added within 1 to 4 hours after West receives the opinion. Citing cases are added to KeyCite as soon as they are added to Westlaw.

Accuracy

Shepard’s versus KeyCite Completeness Shepard’s versus KeyCite

Headnotes in Cases

Citators

Percentage of Overlap 33%

Shepard's & KeyCite Statutes & Regulations Amended or repealed Pending legislation Federal Register Does not use signals Statutes Does not use signals Regulations Does not use signals Federal Register

Bloomberg Law’s BCite and Smartcode Cases only Uses algorithm Smartcode Uses machine learning US Code CFR Federal Rules State statutes Positive treatment Distinguished Negative treatment Superseded by statute Caution