Martin A. Makary, MD, MPH, J. Bryan Sexton, PhD, Julie A

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Operating Room Teamwork among Physicians and Nurses: Teamwork in the Eye of the Beholder Martin A. Makary, MD, MPH, J. Bryan Sexton, PhD, Julie A. Freischlag, MD, FACS, Christine G. Holzmueller, BLA, E. Anne Millman, MS, Lisa Rowen, RN, DNSc, Peter J. Pronovost, MD, PhD Journal of the American College of Surgeons Volume 202, Issue 5, Pages 746-752 (May 2006) DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2006.01.017 Copyright © 2006 American College of Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Teamwork as viewed within peer groups by operating room caregiver role. Anesthes., anesthesiologist; CRNA, certified registered nurse anesthetists; OR, operating room. Journal of the American College of Surgeons 2006 202, 746-752DOI: (10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2006.01.017) Copyright © 2006 American College of Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 The surgeon’s view of operating room (OR) teamwork by OR caregiver role. Anesthes., anesthesiologist; CRNA, certified registered nurse anesthetists. Journal of the American College of Surgeons 2006 202, 746-752DOI: (10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2006.01.017) Copyright © 2006 American College of Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 (A) Differences in teamwork perceptions between surgeons and operating room (OR) nurses. (B) Differences in teamwork perceptions between surgeons and anesthesiologists. (C) Differences in teamwork perceptions between anesthesiologists and OR nurses. Journal of the American College of Surgeons 2006 202, 746-752DOI: (10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2006.01.017) Copyright © 2006 American College of Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 (A) Percentage (rounded) of operating room (OR) caregivers reporting a “high” or “very high” level of collaboration with other members of the OR team. (B) The best teamwork scores were recorded by anesthesiologists when they rated their teamwork with other anesthesiologists (“high” or “very high” 96% of the time). The lowest teamwork ratings were recorded by nurses when they rated their teamwork with surgeons (“high” or “very high” 48% of the time). CRNA, certified registered nurse anesthetists. Journal of the American College of Surgeons 2006 202, 746-752DOI: (10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2006.01.017) Copyright © 2006 American College of Surgeons Terms and Conditions