Whip Around What do you love most about yourself? Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Whip Around What do you love most about yourself? Think about this question. Be prepared to share aloud with the class.

NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 6 NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION

Our Agenda The Nature of Nonverbal Communication Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Our Agenda The Nature of Nonverbal Communication Ten Channels of Nonverbal Communication Culture, Sex, and Nonverbal Communication Improving Your Nonverbal Communication Skills

Let’s Get Creepy! Get into your nonverbal groups. Observe two people interacting. Do not interrupt their conversation. You do not need to hear the conversation. Let’s meet back in 5 minutes. Be prepared to discuss what you observed. (It may benefit your group to take notes.)

The Nature of Nonverbal Communication Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. The Nature of Nonverbal Communication Nonverbal communication includes those behaviors and characteristics that convey meaning without the use of words Some nonverbal communication behaviors accompany words Other nonverbal communication behaviors convey meaning on their own

The Nature of Nonverbal Communication Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. The Nature of Nonverbal Communication Nonverbal communication Is present in most interpersonal conversations Often conveys more than verbal communication Is usually believed over verbal communication Is the primary means of expressing emotion Metacommunicates

The Nature of Nonverbal Communication Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. The Nature of Nonverbal Communication Nonverbal communication serves several functions Managing conversations Expressing emotions Maintaining relationships Forming impressions Influencing others Concealing information © Tanya Constantine/Brand X Pictures/PunchStoc, RF

Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication Nonverbal Communication Is Relational Identity management Reflects and shapes kinds of relationships we have with others Conveying emotions we may be unwilling or unable to express Increasing number of Internet and phone messages will include visual and vocal dimensions Emoticons

Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication Nonverbal Communication Serves Many Functions Repeating When someone asks for directions, you often repeat your answer with a gesture Complementing Expressions that match thoughts and emotions Substituting When someone asks, “What’s up?” you may just shrug your shoulders

10 Nonverbal Behaviors Facial displays Body movement Gestures Touch Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 10 Nonverbal Behaviors Facial displays Body movement Gestures Touch Vocalics Smell Distance Physical appearance Time Artifacts

Ten Channels of Nonverbal Communication Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Ten Channels of Nonverbal Communication Facial displays are particularly important in three arenas Identity Attractiveness Symmetry Proportionality Emotion © Kory Floyd

Ten Channels of Nonverbal Communication Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Ten Channels of Nonverbal Communication Eye behaviors, which are known as oculesics, comprise a second nonverbal channel Eye contact Pupil size © Masterfile, RF

Types of Nonverbal Communication Body Movement Face and Eyes At least eight distinguishable positions of the eyebrows and forehead Eight of the eyes and lids Ten for the lower face Multiplied together you can understand why it is nearly impossible to compile a dictionary of facial expressions

Types of Nonverbal Communication Body Movement Face and Eyes Microexpressions Expressions that happen quickly and are difficult to detect Can be very effective in identifying emotion Eyes Communicate positive or negative attitude Pupils grow larger based on the interest in the object

Ten Channels of Nonverbal Communication Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Ten Channels of Nonverbal Communication The study of movement is known as kinesics; the study of gestures is known as gesticulation Forms of gestures Emblems Illustrators Affect displays Regulators Adaptors

Types of Nonverbal Communication Body Movement Body Orientation The degree to which we face toward or away from someone with our body, feet, and head Posture By paying attention to the postures around your own, you’ll find another channel of communication

Types of Nonverbal Communication Body Movement Gestures Illustrators Movements that accompany speech but do not stand on their own Emblems Deliberate nonverbal communication that has precise meaning Adaptors Unconscious body movements in response to the environment

Types of Nonverbal Communication Body Movement Face and Eyes At least eight distinguishable positions of the eyebrows and forehead Eight of the eyes and lids Ten for the lower face Multiplied together you can understand why it is nearly impossible to compile a dictionary of facial expressions

Types of Nonverbal Communication Body Movement Face and Eyes Microexpressions Expressions that happen quickly and are difficult to detect Can be very effective in identifying emotion Eyes Communicate positive or negative attitude Pupils grow larger based on the interest in the object

Ten Channels of Nonverbal Communication Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Ten Channels of Nonverbal Communication The study of touch is known as haptics Affectionate touch Caregiving touch Power and control touch Aggressive touch Ritualistic touch © Kevin Mazur/Getty Images

Types of Nonverbal Communication Touch Haptics Touch can communicate many messages and signal a variety of relationships Functional/professional Social/polite Friendship/warmth Sexual arousal Aggression

Types of Nonverbal Communication Touch Haptics Several factors make a given touch more or less intense Because nonverbal messages are ambiguous, this language can often be misunderstood Plays a powerful role in how we respond to others Increases liking Increases compliance

Ten Channels of Nonverbal Communication Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Ten Channels of Nonverbal Communication Vocalics are aspects of the voice that convey meaning Pitch Filler words Inflection Articulation Volume Accent Rate Silence

Types of Nonverbal Communication Voice Paralanguage Describes nonverbal, vocal messages Unintentional pause Vocalized pause Can affect behavior in many ways Sarcasm Some vocal factors perceived more positively than others

Next Time Finish Chapter 6 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Next Time Finish Chapter 6

Whip Around What is your favorite Interpersonal Communication concept so far? Be prepared to share aloud.

Ten Channels of Nonverbal Communication Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Ten Channels of Nonverbal Communication Olfactics is the study of smell Memory: olfactic associations Sexual attraction: we are drawn to people with dissimilar scents © Reg Charity/Corbis Photography/Veer, RF

Our body and its features Body smell Americans do not seem to rely consciously on their sense of smell for much interpersonal information unless perspiration, odor, breath, or some other smell is unusually strong or inappropriate for the situation American’s cover up their aroma http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uLTIowBF0kE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6x3_9ncpJl8

Types of Nonverbal Communication Physical Space Proxemics - Distance The study of the way people and animals use space. We each carry an invisible bubble of personal space wherever we go We feel uncomfortable when this bubble is violated Different cultures develop different bubbles

Ten Channels of Nonverbal Communication Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Ten Channels of Nonverbal Communication Proxemics: how we use space to communicate Hall’s spatial zones Intimate distance: 0–1½ feet Personal distance: 1½–4 feet Social distance: 4–12 feet Public distance: 12+ feet https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NGVSI kEi3mM&feature=related (Seinfield) © Andres Rodriguez/Alamy, RF

Let’s Practice Pick a partner. Show intimate space. Show personal space. Show public space. Show social space.

Types of Nonverbal Communication Physical Environment Physical settings affect our communication Can shape the kind of interaction that takes place in it

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Ten Channels of Nonverbal Communication Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Ten Channels of Nonverbal Communication Physical appearance sends messages, whether intentionally or unintentionally The halo effect describes how we attribute positive qualities to attractive people Pressure to be attractive can lead to, or worsen, eating disorders

Types of Nonverbal Communication Appearance Physical Attractiveness Men and women whom others perceive as attractive are rated as: Being more sensitive Kind Strong Sociable Interesting Occasionally has a negative effect

Types of Nonverbal Communication Appearance Physical Attractiveness Influence begins early in life Something we can control

Types of Nonverbal Communication Appearance Clothing One writer suggests that clothing can convey at least ten types of messages to others: Economic background Level of success Economic level Moral character Educational level Social background Educational background Social position Level of sophistication Trustworthiness

Who would you advance?

Our body and its features Body Shape Endomorph Soft, Round, Fat Overweight compared to their height Judged as lazy, old-fashioned, friendly, warm, agreeable

Our body and its features Body Shape Mesomorph Bony, Muscular, Athletic Balanced in terms of height and weight Perceived as strong, adventurous, assertive, self-reliant, confident, competitive, hot-tempered, argumentative

Our body and its features Body Shape Ectomorph Tall, Thin, Fragile Underweight compared to their height Sensitive, Cautious, Shy, Nervous, Serious, Quiet, Introspective

Ten Channels of Nonverbal Communication Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Ten Channels of Nonverbal Communication Chronemics is the way we use time to communicate Time sends messages about value Time sends messages about power

Ten Channels of Nonverbal Communication Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Ten Channels of Nonverbal Communication Artifacts are the objects and visual features in an environment that reflect who we are Artifacts can also reflect how we wish to be seen by others They can also influence our mood and disposition

Culture, Sex, and Nonverbal Communication Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Culture, Sex, and Nonverbal Communication Culture influences nonverbal communication Emblems Affect displays Personal distance Eye contact Facial displays Greeting behavior Time orientation Haptics Vocalics

Culture, Sex, and Nonverbal Communication Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Culture, Sex, and Nonverbal Communication Sex influences nonverbal communication Emotional expressiveness Eye contact Personal space Vocalics Touch Appearance © Nacivet/Photographer’s Choice/Getty Images

Improving Your Nonverbal Communication Skills Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Improving Your Nonverbal Communication Skills Interpreting nonverbal communication Be sensitive to nonverbal messages Decipher the meaning of nonverbal messages © Jose Luiz Pelaez Inc/Blend Images, RF

Improving Your Nonverbal Communication Skills Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Improving Your Nonverbal Communication Skills Expressing nonverbal messages Spend time with highly expressive people Participate in games that exercise your nonverbal expression skills © Ephraim Ben-Shimon/Spirit/Corbis, RF

Improving Your Nonverbal Communication Skills Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Improving Your Nonverbal Communication Skills Managing nonverbal behavior in electronically mediated communication Attend to visual and vocal cues (lighting, background, sound quality) while videoconferencing Express emotion in text-based communication (using emoticons or emoji)

Quiz 6 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Quiz 6