The Immune System: Cancer Karen S. Anderson MD PhD Associate Professor, Biodesign Institute Arizona State University Mayo Clinic Arizona

Anti-Tumor Immunity: A Balancing Act B cell activation T cell activation Innate immunity Immune evasion

Innate Immunity keeps the Human Microbiome at bay

The Adaptive Immune System Sees foreign proteins Has “memory” Consists of: T cells B cells

What is an antibody? Ligands (antigens)

What does immune memory mean?

Why do we need T cells?

How we see “Self”: HLA proteins Bjorkman and Wiley, Nature, 1987

T cells killing a tumor cell

Plasmids are circular pieces of DNA containing a single gene Genes make proteins, which are the parts that make up a cell Dysfunctional proteins can cause disease Researchers use plasmids to study genes and proteins to better understand disease To facilitate research, DNASU stores over 162,000 plasmids and distributes these to researchers in 37 states and 38 countries

Nucleic Acid-Programmable Protein Array (NAPPA) Proteomics: the study of all of the proteins in the human body We use plasmids to make over 10,000 human proteins By putting these plasmids on a glass slide (NAPPA) we can make and study over 10,000 proteins at one time Protein Expression … 1. Print Plasmids 2. Express & capture proteins NAPPA Identify which proteins are specific to patient sera Validation and Discovery in One Step Replicate arrays of candidate proteins

NAPPA Array Production and Screening Gene Cloning Bacterial plating DNA preparation Array Printing

Detection of Antibodies in Breast Cancer