The Human Microbiome Project Giada Cattelan Master in Advanced Genetics Genomics 2016-2017 The Human Microbiome Project A comparison between HGP and HMP

Summary INTRODUCTION Microbioma Where is it? Metagenomics THE HUMAN MICROBIOME PROJECT Differences between HGM and HMP Methods Results Goals CONCLUSION Summary

Which is the correlation? The Human Microbioma We are not alone Which is the correlation?

Microbioma 10x more bacteria than cells Digestion, Immune System, Protection, Metabolism,… In every part of the body Bacteria, Virus, Archea, Fungi Microbioma

Where? Oral cavity Attached keratinized gingiva (gums) Buccal mucosa (cheek) Hard palate Palatine tonsils Saliva Subgingival plaque Supragingival plaque Throat Tongue dorsum Nasal cavity Anterior nares (nostrils) Skin Left and right antecubital fossa (inner elbow) Left and right retroauricular crease (behind the ear) Gastrointestinal tract Stool Urogenital tract Mid vagina Posterior fornix Vaginal introitus Where?

Metagenomics is the study of genetic material recovered directly from environmental samples. Advantage from the new techniques Metagenomics

The Human Microbiome Project PRINCIPAL AIM: Characterization of the human microbiome from multiple body site. Production of a reference dataset as baseline Develop a catalog of microbial genome sequences of reference strains Determine changes in the microbiome and health/disease - Large-genome-scale community research projects Continuation of the HGM The Human Microbiome Project

New Protocols and Methods Privacy, Information Sequen-cing Applica-bility Software Managment of data Goals

Differences between HGM and HMP HGP Published in 2001 (finished in 2004) 2 Projects: published and private Competition Hierarchical Shotgun and WGS HMP Not finished 1 project with many collaborations Open to everybody 16S sequencing and WGS protocols Differences between HGM and HMP

Results Sequenced: 1900 microbial strains Aspectative: 3000 microbial strains First 178 samples: 500.000 predicted genes 30.000 novel genes 600 strains already avaiable Results

Results

Conclusion Community feedback for new strains «Most wanted Taxa» Inform the medical science about the changes in the microbiome in diseases Reference for the future Conclusion

THE END

The NIH HMP Working Group, “The NIH Human Microbiome Project”, Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press on September 24, 2009. The Human Microbiome Project Consortium, “A framework for human microbiome research”, Published on Nautre, on 14 June 2012 L.M.Proxtor, “The Human Microbiome Project in 2011 and beyond”, published by Cell Host and Microbe on 20 October 2011 Official Wbsite Human Microbiome Project: http://www.hmpdacc.org/ Literature