Atomic Structure & Periodic Table review

Which of the following is the most accurate representation of an atom

Which of the following is the most accurate representation of an atom

Which of the following is the most accurate representation of an atom

Which of the following is the most accurate representation of an atom

Subatomic particles in an atom where located/charge/relative size Charge of nucleus: + Charge of electron cloud: -- - - - + 0 + 0 +

Subatomic particles in an atom where located/charge/relative size e e N P N P N P

SPACE MASS

Why do we use AMU (atomic mass units) when representing the mass of an atom instead of using grams or kilograms?

Atoms are very small, using grams would result in a number with a scientific notation of 10-27. AMU is a unit used exclusively for atoms, it is much smaller than grams and therefore more useful

Reading Periodic Table Cells 13 Al Aluminum 26.98 Atomic Number Number of protons = Number of electrons Atomic Mass Number (this is an average of isotopes) Mass # - Atomic # = neutron # When calculating # of neutrons, you must round the mass # to a whole number….you can’t have partial Neutrons!

An atom has an atomic number of: 11…..what can you infer 27…..what can you infer 87….what can you infer

An atom has an atomic number of: 11…..what can you infer it has 11 protons it has 11 electrons 27…..what can you infer it has 27 protons it has 27 electrons 87….what can you infer it has 87 protons it has 87 electrons

An ion has an atomic number of 5…..what can you infer it has 5 protons 32…what can you infer it has 32 protons 11…what can you infer it has 11 protons

Find the number of protons, neutrons and electrons for each of the following neutral atoms Calcium Chlorine

Find the number of protons, neutrons and electrons for each of the following neutral atoms Calcium 20 protons 20 electrons 20 neutrons Chlorine 17 protons 17 electrons 18 neutrons

Calculate the mass of the following elements Element A has 12 protons, 13 neutrons & 12 electrons Element B has 9 protons, 7 neutrons & 9 electrons

Calculate the mass of the following elements Element A has 12 protons, 13 neutrons & 12 electrons 12 protons + 13 neutrons = 25 mass Element B has 9 protons, 7 neutrons & 9 electrons 9 protons + 7 neutrons = 16 mass

Page 16 & 17 review What are the 3 categories of elements on the periodic table? What are the properties of each? Where are they located on the periodic table?

Metals: left side of table Shiny conductive malleable Ductile Metalloids: along the stair steps Properties of metals and nonmetals Semiconductors, used in computer industry NonMetals: right side of table Dull Insulator Do not conduct heat or electricity brittle

Periodic Table Organization Groups/families Information in group: group number = number of valence e- group members have similar properties Find four elements with similar properties Find 2 elements with similar properties and 4 valence electrons

Periodic Table Organization Groups/families Information in group: group number = number of valence e- group members have similar properties Find four elements with similar properties Find 2 elements with similar properties and 4 valence electrons carbon (C), silicon (Si), Germanium (Ge), Tin (Sn), Lead (Pb)

Periodic Table Organization Period Information in period: period number = number of electron energy levels max # of electrons in each level (ring) period 1….2 e- period 2….8 e- period 3….8 e- Find 3 elements with 4 electron energy levels Find 3 elements with two energy levels

Describe these groups using the following terms: reactive, nonreactive, more stable, inert Alkali metal Halogen Noble Gas Alkaline Earth Metal Transition Metal

Group /family characteristics Alkali metal…..reactive metals, group 1, +1 ion Alkaline earth metal…..reactive metals, group 2, +2 ion Transition metals/elements….less reactive metals, located at the center of the table, groups 3-12 Halogen…reactive nonmetals, used in cleaning agents, group 17, -1 ion Noble Gases….nonreactive nonmetals, group 18, very stable due to complete outer electron ring, do not form ions

Find examples of: Two different groups/families that are both reactive Two different groups/families that are stable and reactive

What do Na, K and Rb have in common What do Na, K and Rb have in common? What do Mg, P and Cl have in common?

Dull, brittle and non conductive best describes which of the following: Pd, S, Mg, Fe

Which of the following elements are very reactive: Au, Fe, Cl, Zn

How are groups 1, 2 and 17 different from transition metals (groups 3-12)?

Describe element properties as you move from left to right across period #..... 1 2 3 4

Describe element properties as you move from left to right across period #..... 1 reactive, nonreactive 2 reactive, less reactive, reactive, nonreactive 3 reactive, less reactive, reactive, nonreactive 4 reactive, somewhat stable, less reactive, reactive, nonreactive

Ions Formed by losing or gaining electrons Metals give electrons Nonmetals take electrons An atom gives/takes electrons in order to create a complete outer ring of electrons (valence)…..this makes it stable, because its electron arrangement is like the noble gases (group 18).

An ion with a charge of +2 has Lost 2 electrons Gained 2 protons Gained 2 electrons Lost 2 neutrons

An ion with a charge of -3 has Lost 3 protons Lost 3 electrons Gained 3 electrons Gained 3 protons

Isotopes Different forms of the SAME ELEMENT. Isotopes of an element have different numbers of neutrons therefore they will have a different mass.

Which of the following isotopes have 12 protons: Mg-12, C-6, F-12, Mg -19, C-12, F-18

How is S-24 different from S-20 it has 4 more protons it has 4 more electrons it has 4 more neutrons it has 2 more neutrons and 2 more protons

Doesn’t react with other elements, inert F E B C A Doesn’t react with other elements, inert Used in industry, found in pure form in nature, not very reactive 3 electron energy levels Reactive with 2 valence electrons 1 valence electron and 5 energy levels Reactive nonmetal with 4 energy levels

Doesn’t react with other elements, inert (D) F E B C A Doesn’t react with other elements, inert (D) Used in industry, found in pure form in nature, not very reactive (C) 3 electron energy levels (F) Reactive with 2 valence electrons (A) 1 valence electron, metal and 5 energy levels (B) Reactive nonmetal with 4 energy levels (E)