Cystograms revealing vesicoureteral reflux Cystograms revealing vesicoureteral reflux. Upper left: Saccule at right ureterovesical junction. Upper right: Meningomyelocele. Reflux with severe bilateral hydroureteronephrosis; serum creatinine, 0.6 mg/dL; phenolsulfonphthalein excretion, 5% in 1 hour. Lower left: Postprostatectomy patient with reflux on left and bilateral saccules. Lower right: Ten-year-old boy with meningomyelocele. Bladder has been emptied. Impairment of drainage at ureterovesical junctions is demonstrated. (Courtesy of Hutch JA, Amar AD: Vesicoureteral Reflux and Pyelonephritis. Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1972.) Source: Chapter 13. Vesicoureteral Reflux, Smith & Tanagho's General Urology, 18e Citation: McAninch JW, Lue TF. Smith & Tanagho's General Urology, 18e; 2013 Available at: http://accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/DownloadImage.aspx?image=/data/books/mcan18/mcan18_c013f008.png&sec=41089667&BookID=508&ChapterSecID=41088090&imagename= Accessed: October 13, 2017 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved