The Crusades Chapter 14.1

Overview The Crusades begin in 1096 There are a total of seven crusades plus the children’s crusade A Holy war between the Christians and Muslims

The Christian Church Simony-Positions in the Church were sold by bishops Church was reformed under Leo IX and under Gregory VII Development of Canon Law (The law of the Church Curia-The Court of the Church

Christian Church Cont’d Tithes-Collection of taxes from the church 10% of a Christians income Increased the power of the Church and especially the power of the Pope

St. Frances of Assisi The son of a rich merchant Preached throughout the poor cities of Europe Founded the Franciscan Friars Believed that all creatures were spiritual

Women in the Church 1212-Founding of the Poor Clares Founded by Frances of Assisi and Clare Lived in poverty and worked for the poor and sick Convents

Architecture Romanesque-Arches, pillars, tiny windows, thick walls (800-1100) Gothic-huge stained glass windows, much more ahh-ahh-ahh, less ohh-ohh-ohh

1st Crusade 1096-1099 Alexius I of Constantinople (a Christian) Which becomes Istanbul Feared that the Muslims would conquer Byzantium Called on Pope Urban II to wage a war against the Muslims "Christians, hasten to help your brothers in the East, for they are being attacked. Arm for the rescue of Jerusalem under your captain Christ. Wear his cross as your badge. If you are killed your sins will be pardoned."

Christians Succeed In 1099 the Christians began their attack on Jerusalem Within the year they had gained control of the city and won the 1st Crusade

2nd Crusade 1147-1149 Cause: 1144: the city of Edessa fell to the Muslims French King Louis VII and German King Conrad III participated in the 2nd Crusade A complete failure for the Christians

3rd Crusade 1190-1192 Philip Augustus (French) Argued with Richard and went home Frederick Barbarossa (German) Drown in 1190 Richard the Lionhearted (British) Gained the name Lionhearted at the Battle of Acre Saladin (Muslim) Known as a brave fighter who was able to unite the divided Muslim people to fight for Jerusalem

3rd Crusade Cont’d Richard attempted to capture the city from the Muslims By 1192 the fighting had become too much for both sides and they called a truce Saladin will die 6 months later Richard will die in 1199 from a wound inflicted by the French

4th Crusade 1198 Pope Innocent III Knights ended up looting Constantinople and never made it to Jerusalem Effectively split the church between the east (Constantinople) and west (Rome)

Children's Crusade Children's Crusade(1212) – unsuccessful – Led by a French boy named Stephen most of the children died of starvation or were sold into slavery

5th, 6th and 7th Crusades Completely ineffective No territory was gained Christians were tired of the church calling since Constantinople was no longer a part of the western church

Summary: What were some of the long-term effects of the Crusades?

Long Term Effect #1: Interaction between Western Europe and Muslims in Middle East- Cultural Diffusion

Long Term effect #2: Increased trade between Europe and Middle East

Long Term Effect #3: Italians act as middlemen in the trade between W. Europe and Middle East- they become wealthy- leads to renaissance

Long Term Effect #4: Legacy (long term effect) of distrust and hatred between Christians, Jews and Muslims

Long Term Effect #5: Growth of towns and cities along crusader routes; weakening of feudal system

So…..Were the Crusades Successful?