Civil Rights Movement Making changes
Peaceful Protests Pave the Way for Change Passive Movements
Rosa Parks December 1, 1955 Sat in the middle of the bus The front was reserved for white riders Did not get up when the bus driver told her to move for a white man Bus driver called the Montgomery Police Rosa was arrested Rosa Parks
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People NAACP
Sit ins CORE Peaceful Protest Congress of Racial Equality Peaceful Protest Used in restaurants, theaters, and public facilities Shames the business owners by showing discrimination Sit ins
Thurgood Marshall Attorney NAACP Chief Counsel Focused on ending segregation in Public School Thurgood Marshall
Linda Brown Denied admission to her neighborhood school Topeka, Kansas Her parents sued the school board Linda Brown
Brown v. Board of Education Thurgood Marshall African American Attorney Linda Brown Denied Admission to school based on race Kansas schools would not admit her Told to go the all-black school across town May 17, 1954 Supreme Court rules against segregated schools Applied only to public schools Brown v. Board of Education
Montgomery Bus Boycotts Martin Luther King Jr. chosen as the leader Boycott lasted a year Instead of riding the bus people car pooled or walked to work Supreme Court ruled that bus segregation was ruled unconstitutional Montgomery Bus Boycotts
Martin Luther King Jr. Earn a PhD. From Boston University Believed in nonviolent passive resistance. Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) Set out to eliminate all segregation Encouraged people to go vote Martin Luther King Jr.
Crisis in Little Rock September 1957 Nine African American students were admitted to Central High School Arkansas National Guard was ordered to keep students out President Eisenhower had to step in and send troops Crisis in Little Rock
Rode buses to the South to show the problems with segregation Angry mobs attacked people on the buses Police contacted the KKK to beat bus riders Freedom Riders
Civil Rights Act of 1964 July 2, 1964 President Lyndon B. Johnson signed this act into Law Gave people equal access to public places Banned job discrimination based on race, religion, gender, and national origin. Civil Rights Act of 1964
Voting Rights Act of 1965 August 3, 1965 Federal Examiners were sent to help people register to vote No more literacy test 1965 100 African Americans held elected official positions 1990 5,000 held elected official positions Voting Rights Act of 1965
New Civil Rights Issues A different stance
Urban Problems Watts Riots Racism The Kerner Commission Prejudice or discrimination towards someone because of their race. African Americans made 55% of what the typical White family made Watts Riots $45 million in damage 34 people killed 900 injured The Kerner Commission Blamed to riots on racism Suggested more public housing and the creation of inner-city jobs Urban Problems
Black Power Did not want to assimilate Physical self-defense and violence were acceptable Stressed Pride in the African American culture. Did not want to assimilate When the minority group adapts the majorities culture and ways of li These ideas were popular in poor neighborhoods Black Power
Malcolm X Joined the Black Muslims Broke off from the Nation of Islam African Americans should separate themselves from White people and form their own government. Broke off from the Nation of Islam He was shot and killed by Nation of Islam members in 1965 Influenced the idea of Black Panthers Wanted people to arm themselves and fight for equal rights Malcolm X
Assassination of Dr. King April 4, 1968 Dr. King stood on his balcony of his hotel in Memphis, TN He was shot and killed by a sniper Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1968 Allowed for people to have fair housing options and for the justice system to take action against people who did not follow those laws. Assassination of Dr. King