Combining Scholarly Publishing and Institutional Repositories Tim Tamminga, The Berkeley Electronic Press ACRL March, 2009 Who we are: We service and host the institutional repositories of over 100 institutions. We work closely to develop and execute repository strategies for each one. As such, we have learned a lot about what makes a repository work and what doesn’t. Bepress is also a publisher of scholarly journals. We have a lot of experience in publishing, editorial management, and the design and implementation of attractive journals. Framing the PPT:

Agenda Issues with scholarly publishing Emerging role of the library in publishing Convergence of IRs and Publishing Examples of Publishing within the IR Trend for Publishing as a Service

Issues with scholarly publishing

Historical perspective Scholarly publishing was largely based on the principle of gifts: authors give their treatises to others in exchange for access to theirs. In the 1960s, commercial publishers began to produce scholarly journals and charge prices that produced a profit for them. This profit motive now drives many scholarly societies as well David Shulenburger, Vice President for Academic Affairs, National Association of State Universities and Land-Grant Colleges (NASULGC), in the closing keynote, SPARC Digital Repositories meeting, November 2008

Publishing today “Vice Chancellors for Research and Deans are witnessing the gradual diminution of publishing options and opportunities for UC faculty, particularly in the arts and humanities.” “Junior faculty are beginning to struggle to get the book contracts they need for tenure and promotion; faculty working in innovative fields or non-traditional projects are constrained by a publishing model that cannot serve their needs; and campus resources are increasingly compromised by the commercial publishing culture” University of California taskforce on University Publishing. 2008 by Catherine Candee & Lynne Withey

Small scholarly publishers are struggling Many small publishers struggle with declining subscription bases, particularly domestically and even research libraries report regular journal cancellations projects. Most of the journals that are lagging in the development of electronic formats are from publishers who print one or a handful of titles Research Library Publishing Services: New Options for University Publishing. Karla Hahn, March 2008. Published by ARL

Small societies are struggling Most small societies have a journal or newsletter. The societies cannot sustain these publications in print form. They also are losing members, especially younger members. They don’t know how to transition from print to electronic Publications tend to lack the credentials of more mainstream journals Additional services are needed to retain members and keep them involved

Libraries are struggling economically January 19, 2009. Email from the International Coalition of Library Consortia (ICOLC) to the world: “The ICOLC library consortia consider the current [economic] crisis of such significance that we cannot simply assume that libraries and publishers share a common perspective about the magnitude of the crisis and the best approaches to cope with it.” ICOLC issued a call to publishers to not raise subscription prices Suspend software or platform projects because libraries can afford to pay for new features Be flexible in pricing models and subscription periods. Libraries may end up having to modify their subscriptions several times a year Be flexible in the title bundles. Libraries may have to drop journal titles as their budgets change during the year.

Role of the Library in Changing publishing paradigms

Growing pressure on the university to do something… “UC faculty would like to see the university play a more active role in blunting the effect of the commercialization of academic publishing, but they will not and cannot risk their own academic lives to make it happen. The university must step in.” University of California taskforce on University Publishing. 2008 by Catherine Candee & Lynne Withey

Libraries are doing something 65% of ARL libraries are delivering or planning to provide publishing services Of these, 88% were publishing journals 79% were publishing conference papers & proceedings 71% were publishing monographs Research Library Publishing Services: New Options for University Publishing. Karla Hahn, March 2008. Published by ARL

Convergence of Publishing and Institutional Repositories (IRs)

A new model for IRs “IR deposit is not an end in itself… It should be a byproduct of the services you provide to your institutions. You provide services, you solve problems, and as a byproduct of that you get content in your repository.” Catherine Mitchell, CDL. from Mellon Report on IR CIC success, Palmer et al. What’s important behind both statements is the notion that the IR is a service. And that service is focused on the exploitation and utility of that content. The repository is not an end in itself. David Sollenberger quotes Stewart Brand, “…the right information in the right place just changes your life.”

Examples of publishing services within an IR

Size of institution is no barrier

The journals being published through Macalester College’s Digital Commons. There are more journals being developed. Macalester has 1900 students.

Collaborative projects between the university and external partners

Regional and collaborative publishing This journal is published as a partnership with the CA Agriculture, Natural and Human Resources Dept and the University.

A collaboration between the UC Davis John Muir Institute of the Environment, the State of California The Resources Agency and the US Federal Dept of the Interior. A collaboration between the UC Davis John Muir Institute of the Environment, the State of California The Resources Agency and the US Federal Dept of the Interior.

Preservation of discontinued publications

Contributions in Black Studies: A Journal of African and Afro-American Studies (CIBS) was launched in 1977. CIBS was a Five College collaboration of Africana Studies scholars at UMass Amherst, Hampshire, Mount Holyoke, Amherst, and Smith Colleges. that lasted over two decades. The journal ceased publication in the 1999.

Issue page

Collaborations with the university press

Open access journals: University Presses looking for low-cost options and collaborations with the Library.

Reviews and outreach to external communities that need to share in the University’s expertise This journal of book reviews is aimed at K-12 teachers and librarians. EDITORS Janet Alsup, Associate Professor, English Education, Purdue University Alsup's website Christine E. King, Associate Professor, Library Science, Iowa State University Jill P. May, Professor, Literacy and Language, Purdue University May's website ADVISORY BOARD Anto Thomas Chakramakkil, Author, India Christopher Cheng, Author, Australia Darwin Henderson, Associate Professor, Teacher Education, University of Cincinnati John Moore, Associate Professor, Education, College of William and Mary Eve Tal, Author, Israel

UMass Amherst Library is expanding its role as a partner with the University Press. Especially for open access content, content outside copyright restrictions, collections

Editors and small societies looking for a home for their journals and publications

The Electronic Green Journal (EGJ) is one of the first peer-reviewed environmental on-line journals promoting an open access publishing model. Since its inception in July of 1994, the EGJ has allowed all Internet users unrestricted access to original articles, book reviews, and information on international environmental topics. This was also transferred from the University of Idaho where it was published on an OJS platform.

Scholarly niche or specialty journals

Originally started in 1971 as a print journal Originally started in 1971 as a print journal. The Library persuaded the editors to switch to electronic format in 2003. This is a subscription-based journal

Readers can submit comments on this article

Publishing within DC allows additional content, providing a rich context for the journal

University centers or institutes who need a forum to share their research

UMass Amherst’s Center for Etruscan Studies Marilyn Billings, Scholarly Communications Librarian at UMass Amherst, was approached by the head of the Center for Etruscan Studies who was looking for a solution for disseminating their catalog of Etruscan fonts to the world. Her solution was to provide them in digital form through Digital Commons. As the collaboration progressed, the Center began a journal as well as began a repository of Etruscan related content. Prior to this solution, any materials on Etruscan studies had to be published in more general studies journals – it’s too esoteric a subject for commercial publishers.

DC supports creation of valuable collections as part of the publishing service Showing a “community page” for the Center for Etruscan Studies and all its resources. These are gathered in one location for browsing by its researchers, students and anyone else who might be interested in these resources. Each collection supplements and enriches the other resources.

New sources of original content – student journals Stephanie will talk about this

Conferences, proceedings & workshops Events Submissions Peer review for selection of papers Proceedings and presentations

Events handling within the IR: Scheduling Call for papers Review of submissions Calendaring Finally, the Proceedings New events handling capability in Digital Commons. Cradle to grave handling of a conference/workshop event.

An annual conference at UMass that is expanding to a journal and supporting materials – like a downloadable poster What is important about this example is that the Library has embedded itself into the conference process – not simply as a repository of materials after the event is over. The Library’s IR is used to support registration, the submission process for scholars seeking to present at the conference, events management, collaborative materials like a journal or archived materials, and, possibly, advertising.

A one-time conference. The library hosted a Colloquium on IRs on Oct 2008. The presentations by Marisa Ramirez and Brian Kennelly are particularly interesting. This was a one-time event. DC was used by the library to invite attendees and describe the event. Once completed, the presentations were gathered into a collection.

Non-journal publications e.g., dictionaries

Dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference works Tell story of Paul’s Dictionary of Invertebrate Zoology. Paul visited with a faculty member, Scott Gardner, to describe DC. As Paul was finishing up, he noticed a manuscript on Scott’s shelf and asked about it.. Scott described it as a dictionary of invertebrate zoology. It had been accepted by the University Press, but the Press decided not to publish because it didn’t believe that it could recover the costs. So it had been languishing for the past several years. Paul suggested that he take it, digitize it and load it into DC. And so he did. For the past 2 years, this dictionary has been the top downloaded document in the Nebraska IR. So much so, with so many requests for a print version that the Library has linked it to LuLu for print on demand capabilities. Compiled over a 15-year period by the lab director Submitted, accepted, peer reviewed Scheduled for publication by a university press Suddenly cancelled, no other “takers” Once published in IR IR manager asked to be given a shot at publishing it Downloaded nearly 1,200 times in the first month online Continues at nearly 1000 downloads per month To date: nearly 50,000 downloads!!!

Could even provide alternative revenue streams

Conclusion

Publishing Services within the IR “This suggests a role for the IRs beyond that of archival storage and accessibility enhancement: in fact, they are well-suited to become online publishers giving voice to a wide range of authors normally excluded, put off, or ill-served by the vagaries, idiosyncrasies, delays, obligations, and hoops-jumping of the conventional publication routes.” Paul Royster, "Publishing Original Content in an Institutional Repository" Serials Review (2007). “Those points of convergence of disciplines are often places where there is no publishing infrastructure in place, and is a place where we can really offer an infrastructure that will make a difference.” Catherine Mitchell The editors of a journal, with the support of the library and the institution, have the total freedom to explore the realm of knowledge without any restrictions imposed by the publisher. 48

Basic principles of having a successful publishing service Establish a business case aligned with the university mission and mandates Ensure that Provosts and Deans are partners and stakeholders Align customer-facing librarians with the project Research, plan, market, publicize and sell on an ongoing basis So how do libraries go about making the IR a success and adding publishing as a service? Make sure that there is a solid strategic plan based on a solid business case. The most critical step is to solicit and ensure acceptance and ongoing participation by university administration – Provosts and Deans. The fact that the publishing services (journals, peer-reviewed series, ETDs, monographs, etc.) are part of the IR gives that publication the stamp of approval, of authority, because the Deans and Provosts are stakeholders.

Why publish within a university-wide, library managed IR? Signals of quality Preservation Dissemination Discovery Context Supplemental material Standardization of the User Interface for readers/browsers of the submission interface Cost savings (over print)

Growing number of resources: As of Jan 22, 2009, SPARC has established a resource center for library publishing There is a growing corpus of research material, best practices, resources, and examples that can help you plan, promote and deliver a solution for your institution